General trends of TM

Question 1

up until Mn, what is the highest oxidation state the same as?

Answer 1

Group number

Question 2

What happens once you pass Mn?

Answer 2

High oxidation states equal to the group number aren’t observed

Question 3

What are the thermal and electrical conductivities like in d-block metal?

Answer 3

They are high

Question 4

What are other physical properties of transition metals?

Answer 4

Most are hard, ductile and malleable

Question 5

What does ductile mean?

Answer 5

Ability to be stretched or pressed into a shape without heating

Question 6

What does malleable mean?

Answer 6

Ability to be shaped easily without breaking

Question 7

Which metal structures are usually possessed by transition metals?

Answer 7

Hexagonal closely packed (HCP)
Cubic closely packed (CCP)
Body centred cubic (BCC)

Question 8

What are the metallic radii (rmet) like compared to s-block metals?

Answer 8

Smaller

Question 9

Which metals don’t follow the same structure trends?

Answer 9

Mn
Zn
Cd
Hg

Question 10

What is the trend like for rmet from Sc to Ni?

Answer 10

Decreases slightly from Sc (144pm) to Ni (115pm)

Question 11

Why is there a slight decrease in rmet across a row?

Answer 11

The effective nuclear charge increases because of poor shielding of the d-electrons

Question 12

What are the trends in rmet like for second and third rows compared to the first row?

Answer 12

they are greater

Question 13

Why does a valence electron experience an effective nuclear charge?

Answer 13

“inner” core electrons can screen it from the true nuclear charge

Question 14

What does effective nuclear charge depend on?

Answer 14

Values of n and l of the electrons

Question 15

Which orbital electrons are good and bad at shielding?

Answer 15

S orbital electrons are good at shielding

d and f orbitals are bad at shielding

Question 16

What is the lanthanide contraction?

Answer 16

Steady increase in size along the series of elements La to Lu

Question 17

What is the overall lanthanide contraction increase?

Answer 17

0.25 Å

Question 18

When moving from the second row to the third row, what must we do?

Answer 18

we must add in the lanthanide metals after Lanthanum

Question 19

What is the lanthanide contraction due to? What does it lead too?

Answer 19

Due to imperfect shielding of one electron by another but this time by f-electrons, leading to a steady increase in effective nuclear charge

Question 20

What does the lanthanide contraction offset?

Answer 20

The expected increase in size down a group