Chemistry of TM

Question 1

What are the common oxidation states of Ti?

Answer 1

+4

Question 2

What are the common oxidation states of V?

Answer 2

+3, +4, +5

Question 3

What are the common oxidation states of Cr?

Answer 3

+2, +3, +6

Question 4

What are the common oxidation states of Mn?

Answer 4

+2, +4, +7

Question 5

What are the common oxidation states of Co?

Answer 5

+2, +3

Question 6

What are the common oxidation states of Ni?

Answer 6

+2

Question 7

What are the common oxidation states of Cu?

Answer 7

+1, +2

Question 8

What is the common oxide of Titanium? Formation equation?

Answer 8

TiO₂

Ti⁴⁺ + O²⁻ -> TiO₂

Question 9

How do you get the pure titanium metal from the oxide?

Answer 9

Use the Kroll process then reduce

Question 10

What is the equation for the Kroll process for extracting pure titanium?

Answer 10

TiO₂ + 2C + 2Cl₂ -> TiCl₄ + 2CO

Question 11

What must you do once you have the TiCl₄?

Answer 11

Reduce it so the Ti4+ then becomes Ti

Question 12

What is the equation for reducing TiCl₄?

Answer 12

2Mg + TiCl₄ -> Ti + 2MgCl₂

Question 13

What does the Ellingham diagram tell you?

Answer 13

What reaction is used to drive the process

Tells you the thermodynamics of the reaction

Question 14

How would you know which reaction to choose from an Ellingham diagram?

Answer 14

Easiest to look at the thermodynamically more favourable to drive the reaction.
Reaction below the reaction you need

Question 15

What do you use to reduce vanadate?

Answer 15

Zn -> Zn2+ + 2e-

Question 16

What colour is the VO2+ ion? Oxidation state of V?

Answer 16

Blue

+4

Question 17

What colour is the V3+ ion? Oxidation state?

Answer 17

Green

3+

Question 18

What colour is the [V(H2O)6]2+ complex? Oxidation state of V?

Answer 18

Lavender

2+

Question 19

What is the oxidation state of chromate?

Answer 19

6+

Question 20

Where does chromate (yellow) only exist?

Answer 20

Solution under alkaline conditions because of equilibrium

Question 21

What equation shows that chromate solutions are basic?

Answer 21

CrO₄²⁻ + H₂O -> HCrO₄⁻ + HO⁻

Question 22

What colour is chromate?

Answer 22

Yellow

Question 23

What colour is dichromate?

Answer 23

Orange-red

Question 24

Why are chromate compounds coloured?

Answer 24

Due to charge transfer
An electron from a filled pi orbital is transferred into the empty d orbital
Ligand to metal charge transfer

Question 25

What is an application of chromate compounds?

Answer 25

Breathalyser test