Atomic orbitals in many electron atoms Flashcards
What is orthogonality?
The need for all independent parts in order to describe the whole atom
When will two wavefunctions φ₁ and φ₂ be orthogonal?
If their overlap integral is zero
What is an overlap integral?
Values of 2 wavefunctions are multiplied at each point and all these values are added up
What are the differences between the H atom and the polyelectronic atom?
- Different energies for the orbitals in different atoms
- Energy of orbitals on the H atom only depend on n but for polyelectronic atoms, the energy depends on n and l
- Orbitals from polyelectronic atoms are smaller than that of the H atom due to more attraction to nucleus
What are the three rules called for determining electron configuration for polyelectronic atoms?
- Pauli exclusion principle
- Aufbau principle
- Hund’s rule
What is the Pauli exclusion principle?
Every electron in an atom must have a unique set of quantum numbers
What is the 4th quantum number for each electron ?
Spin quantum number
What is the spin quantum number?
Related to the intrinsic magnetic movement of an electron
What are the two possible spin values of an electron?
- 1/2
+ 1/2
What symbol does spin quantum number have?
ms
What are the two different arrangements of electrons in the same atom?
Spin parallel ↑↑
Spin paired ↑↓
What are the two different arrangements of electrons in the same atom?
Spin parallel ↑↑
Spin paired ↑↓
What is the most important consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle?
An orbital cannot contain more than 2 electrons
How must the electrons in the same atom be arranged in order to have different ms values?
Spin paired↑↓
What is the Aufbau principle?
The ground state electron configuration of an atom is found by putting each electron in turn into the available lowest energy
