General Surgery

Question 1

What surgery and anastomosis for Caecal, ascending or proximal transverse colon?

Answer 1

Right hemicolectomy

Ileo-colic

Question 2

What surgery and anastomosis for Distal transverse, descending colon?

Answer 2

Right hemicolectomy

Colo-colon

Question 3

What surgery and anastomosis for sigmoid colon?

Answer 3

High anterior resection

Colo-rectal

Question 4

What surgery and anastomosis for Upper rectum?

Answer 4

Anterior resection (TME)

Colo-rectal

Question 5

What surgery and anastomosis for low rectum?

Answer 5

Anterior resection (Low TME)

Colo-rectal (+/- defunctioning stoma)

Question 6

What surgery and anastomosis for anal verge?

Answer 6

Abdomino-perineal excision of rectum

No anastamosis

Question 7

What are the criteria for CT head within 1 hour?

Answer 7

1) GCS < 13 on initial assessment
2) GCS < 15 at 2 hours post-injury
3) suspected open or depressed skull fracture
4) any sign of basal skull fracture (haemotympanum, ‘panda’ eyes, cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the ear or nose, Battle’s sign).
5) post-traumatic seizure.
6) focal neurological deficit.
7) more than 1 episode of vomiting

Question 8

What are the criteria for CT head within 8 hours?

Answer 8

1) age 65 years or older
2) any history of bleeding or clotting disorders including anticogulants
3) dangerous mechanism of injury (a pedestrian or cyclist struck by a motor vehicle, an occupant ejected from a motor vehicle or a fall from a height of greater than 1 metre or 5 stairs)
4) more than 30 minutes’ retrograde amnesia of events immediately before the head injury

Question 9

What are risk factors for transition cell carcinoma of bladder?

Answer 9

1) Smoking
2) Exposure to aniline dyes
3) Rubber manufacture
4) Cyclophosphamide

Question 10

What are risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of bladder?

Answer 10

1) Schistosomiasis
2) Smoking

Question 11

What is the management for all patients with peripheral artery disease?

Answer 11

Statin
Clopidogrel

Question 12

What is the management of epididymo-orchitis?

Answer 12

ceftriaxone 500mg intramuscularly single dose, plus doxycycline 100mg by mouth twice daily for 10-14 days

Question 13

What is the management of BPH?

Answer 13

1st line: alpha-1 antagonists e.g. tamsulosin, alfuzosin
2n line: 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors e.g. finasterid

Question 14

What is the Parkland formula for fluid resuscitation in burns?

Answer 14

total body surface area of the burn % x weight (Kg) x 4ml

Question 15

What does iliac claudication manifest as?

Answer 15

Buttocks pain

Question 16

What does femoral claudication manifest as?

Answer 16

Calf pain

Question 17

What is the possible complication of too much fluid resuscitation following surgery?

Answer 17

Hyperchloraemiac acidosis

Question 18

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

Answer 18

Invasive ductal carcinoma AKA ‘No Special Type (NST)’

Question 19

What are risk factors for breast cancer?

Answer 19

1) HRT
2) Early menarche
3) Late menopause
4) COCP

Question 20

What is often the cause of epididymo-orchitis in young people?

Answer 20

Chlamydia