Dermatology Flashcards
Sedating antihistamines?
Chlorphenamine
Non-sedating antihistamines?
Loratidine
Cetirizine
What is the management of Lichen Planus?
1) potent topical steroids are the mainstay of treatment
2) benzydamine mouthwash or spray is recommended for oral lichen planus
extensive lichen planus may require oral steroids or immunosuppression
Describe Guttate psoriasis
tear drop papules on the trunk and limbs
acute onset
may be precipitated by a streptococcal infection 2-4 weeks prior
What is the management of acne rosacea?
Predominant erythema/flushing:
- topical Brimonidine
Mild-to-moderate papules and/or pustules:
1st line- topical Ivermectin
2nd line- topical metronidazole or topical azelaic acid
moderate-to-severe papules and/or pustules:
- combination of topical ivermectin + oral doxycycline
What are the causes of spider naevi?
1) liver disease
2) pregnancy
3) combined oral contraceptive pill
What are the exacerbating factors for psoriasis?
1) trauma
2) alcohol
3) drugs: beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors, infliximab
4) withdrawal of systemic steroids
What malignancy are you at increased risk of after renal transplant?
Renal transplant patients - skin cancer (particularly squamous cell) is the most common malignancy secondary to immunosuppression
What skin conditions are associated with diabetes mellitus?
1) Necrobiosis lipoidica
2) Vitiligo
3) Neuropathic ulcers
4) Granuloma annulare
5) Lipoatrophy
6) infection: Candida, staph
What is the treatment of a capillary hermangioma?
Propranolol
What is the management of eczema herpeticum?
IV aciclovir
What is the causative organism of eczema herpeticum?
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Uncommonly Coxsackie
What are some causes of erythema multiforme?
- viruses: herpes simplex virus (the most common cause), Orf*
- idiopathic
- bacteria: Mycoplasma, Streptococcus
- drugs: penicillin, sulphonamides, carbamazepine, allopurinol, NSAIDs, oral contraceptive pill, nevirapine
- connective tissue disease e.g. Systemic lupus erythematosus
- sarcoidosis
- malignancy
What is the management of actinic keratoses?
1st: Fluorouracil- 2-3 week course
2nd- topical diclofenac, topical imiquimod, cryotherapy, curettage and cautery
What is the management of hyperhidrosis?
1st line: topical aluminium chloride
Other:
1) iontophoresis
2) botulinum toxin
3) surgery: e.g. Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy
What is a safe treatment of acne in pregnancy?
Oral erythromycin
What are the 4 main diagnostic criteria for Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia?
1) epistaxis : spontaneous, recurrent nosebleeds
2) telangiectases: multiple at characteristic sites (lips, oral cavity, fingers, nose)
3) visceral lesions: for example gastrointestinal telangiectasia (with or without bleeding), pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVM), hepatic AVM, cerebral AVM, spinal AVM
4) family history: a first-degree relative with HHT
What is the management of keloid scar?
intra-lesional steroids e.g. triamcinolone
What is the management of impetigo?
Limited localised disease:
1st Hydrogen peroxide 1% cream
2nd: topical antibiotic creams e.g. fusidic acid or mupirocin
Extensive disease:
Oral flucloxacillin
Oral erythromycin if penicillin allergic
NOTE: exclude from school until lesions crusted over or healed
What are the causative organisms of Impetigo?
Staphylcoccus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
What are common complications of seborrhoeic dermatitis?
1) Blepharitis
2) Otitis externa
How can you differentiate between spider naevi and telangiectasia?
By pressing down and watching them fill.
Spider naevi fill from the centre, telangiectasia from the edge.
What drugs often cause TEN?
phenytoin
sulphonamides
allopurinol
penicillins
carbamazepine
NSAIDs
What is the management of vitiligo?
1) sunblock for affected areas of skin
2) camouflage make-up
3) topical corticosteroids may reverse the changes if applied early
4) there may also be a role for topical tacrolimus and phototherapy, although caution needs to be exercised with light-skinned patients
