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Physiology II > General Sensory Mechanisms (Lec 3) > Flashcards

General Sensory Mechanisms (Lec 3) Flashcards

1
Q

This type of receptor deals with receiving skin tactile sensibilities, deep tissue sensibilities, hearing, equilibrium and arterial pressure

A

Mechanorecptors

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2
Q

Nociceptors have free nerve endings that respond to ___

A

pain

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3
Q

This type of receptor includes rods and cones of the eye for vision

A

electromagnetic receptor

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4
Q

Taste, smell, arterial oxygen, osmolarity, blood carbon dioxide, blood glucose deal with this type of receptor

A

chemoreceptor

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5
Q

What is modality?

A

refers to each of the principal types of sensation

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6
Q

What is the labeled line principle?

A

refers to the specificity of nerve fibers for transmitting only one modality of sensation

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7
Q

What are the four mechanisms of stimulation for receptors?

A

mechanical deformation, application of a chemical, temperature change, and electromagnetic radiation

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8
Q

What are some of the characteristics of tonic receptors?

A

slow adapting, detect continuous stimulus strength, transmit impulses as long as stimulus is present

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9
Q

Muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, macula and vestibular receptors, baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors are all types of what kind of receptor?

A

Tonic receptor

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10
Q

Rapidly adapting, do not transmit continuous signal, stimulated only when stimulus strength changes, transmit information regarding rate of change are all characteristics of what type of receptor?

A

Phasic receptor

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11
Q

What are the two types of nerve fibers?

A 
Type A (large and medium sized myelinated fibers of spinal nerves)
Type C (small, unmyelinated fibers)
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12
Q

What type of nerve fibers make up more than half of all sensory fibers in most peripheral nerves and all postganglionic autonomic fibers?

A

Type C

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13
Q

Describe Group Ia nerve fibers

A

fibers from annulospiral endings of muscle spindles

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14
Q

Describe Group Ib nerve fibers

A

fibers from Golgi tendon organs

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15
Q

Describe Group II nerve fibers

A

cutaneous tactile receptors and flower-spray

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16
Q

Describe Group III nerve fibers

A

carry temperature, crude touch, and pricking pain

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17
Q

Describe Group IV nerve fibers

A

carry pain, itch temperature, and crude touch

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18
Q

How does spatial summation work?

A

increasing signal strength by using progressively greater number of fibers

19
Q

How does temporal summation work?

A

increasing signal strength by increasing frequency of nerve impulses in each fiber

20
Q

Diverging neuronal pathways result in ____

A

amplification of initial signal and may allow transmission of original signal to separate areas

21
Q

Converging neuronal pathways allow for ____

A

multiple input fibers to converge onto a single output neuron

22
Q

What causes a reverberatory circuit?

A

positive feedback within neuronal circuit

23
Q

True or False?

a reverberatory circuit may be stimulated once but discharge repetitively for a long time

A

true

24
Q

What do somatic senses do and what are some types?

A

collect sensory information from all over the body

examples: mechanoreceptive, thermoreceptive, pain

25
Q

Vision, hearing, smell, taste, and equilibrium are examples of

A

special senses

26
Q

Proprioceptive sensations refer to ___

A

physical state of body

examples: position sensations, muscle and tendon sensations, pressure sensations, equilibrium

27
Q

What are examples of deep sensations?

A

deep pressure, pain, and vibrations

28
Q

What are three physiological types of somatic senses?

A

mechanoreceptive somatic senses, thermoreceptive senses, and pain

29
Q

Describe primary sensory neurons

A

from external receptors, travel through dorsal roots of spinal cord

30
Q

Describe secondary neurons

A

make up tracts in spinal cord and brainstem

31
Q

Describe tertiary neurons

A

from thalamus to primary sensory cortex, travel through internal capsule

32
Q

Spinothalamic and Medial Lemniscal systems are for

A

concious perception

33
Q

Spinocerebellar, spino-olivary, spinotectal, and spinoreticular are for

A

unconscious perception

34
Q

What type of information does the lateral spinothalamic tract carry?

A

carries pain and temperature

35
Q

What type of information does the anterior spinothalamic tract carry?

A

carries light and touch, pressure, tickle, and itch

36
Q

What type of information does the medial lemniscus system carry?

A

carries sensations for two-point sensation (fine touch), pressure, and vibration

37
Q

Where do fibers of fasciculus gracilis synapse compared to fibers of fasciculus cuneatus?

A

fasciculus gracilis: nucleus gracilis (sensations from below mid thoracic level)

fasciculus cuneatus: nucleus cuneatus (sensations above mid thoracic level)

38
Q

Where do secondary fibers in the medial lemniscus system ascend to?

A

ascend to synapse in VPL of thalamus

39
Q

Where do tertiary fibers in the medial lemniscus system ascend to?

A

ascend through internal capsule to primary sensory cortex

40
Q

What area of the neuronal pool includes all of the output fibers stimulated by the incoming fiber?

A

Discharge zone

41
Q

What is the name of the location in the neuronal pool where neurons further from the discharge zone are facilitated but not excited?

A

Facilitated zone

42
Q

In the lateral spinothalamic trunk, secondary fibers are joined in brain stem by fibers of what other tract? What do they carry?

A

Trigeminothalamic, pain from face and teeth

43
Q

What physiological feelings do secondary fibers stimulate?

A

Wakefulness and consciousness

44
Q

In regards to the lateral spinothalamic tract, where do tertiary fibers synapse?

A

Postcentral gyrus: somatic sensory areas 1 2 3

Physiology II (19 decks)

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