General Science

Question 1

An assumption or idea that is validated and tested through an experiment.

Answer 1

Hypothesis

Question 2

A variable that is manipulated or changed to have an effect on the dependent variable

Answer 2

Independent Variable (IV)

Question 3

Is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected by the independent variables.

Answer 3

Dependent Variable (DV)

Question 4

Is a statement based on repeated experimental observation that describes some aspect of the world.

Answer 4

Scientific Law

Question 5

Tested and widely accepted model that helps explain and predict natural facts and which is based on observations, experiments and reason.

Answer 5

Scientific Theory

Question 6

Aids in the visualization of occurrences and objects that cannot be observed directly.

Answer 6

Model

Question 7

The solid, outer part of Earth. This includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth’s structure.

Answer 7

Lithosphere

Question 8

Is the total amount of water on a planet. It includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air.

Answer 8

Hydrosphere

Question 9

Is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body that is held in place by the gravity of that body.

Answer 9

Atmosphere

Question 10

Defined as the region on, above, and below the Earth’s surface where life exists.

Answer 10

Biosphere

Question 11

Rocks formed from the cooling of magma (a very hot liquid found underneath the Earth’s surface). Examples: Rhyolite, Granite, Basalt

Answer 11

Igneous Rocks

Question 12

Rocks that are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. Examples: limestone, conglomerate, dolomite, shale.

Answer 12

Sedimentary Rocks

Question 13

Rocks that are formed through the alteration of pre-existing rocks in response to changing environmental conditions, such as variations in temperature, pressure, and mechanical stress, and the addition or subtraction of chemical components. Examples: marble (from limestone), slate(from shale).

Answer 13

Metamorphic Rocks

Question 14

The breakdown of rocks at the Earth’s surface, by the action of rainwater, extremes of temperature, and biological activity.

Answer 14

Weathering

Question 15

Geological process in which earthen materials are won away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.

Answer 15

Erosion

Question 16

The process or processes by which unconsolidated materials are converted into coherent solid rock, as by compaction or cementation

Answer 16

Lithification

Question 17

Is a solid, dust-like sediment that water, ice, and wind transport and deposit. It is made up of rock and mineral particles that are larger than clay but smaller than sand.

Answer 17

Silt

Question 18

Is a piece of rock trapped in another type of rock.

Answer 18

Xenolith

Question 19

It is a deposit in Earth’s crust of one or more valuable minerals. The most valuable deposits contain metals crucial to industry and trade, like copper, gold, and iron.

Answer 19

Ore

Question 20

Concerned with the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, especially as a means of forecasting the weather.

Answer 20

Meteorology

Question 21

The study of everything in the universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere. That includes objects we can see with our naked eyes, like the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars . It also includes objects we can only see with telescopes or other instruments, like faraway galaxies and tiny particles.

Answer 21

Astronomy

Question 22

It consists of a number of belief systems that hold that there is a relationship between astronomical phenomena and events or descriptions of personality in the human world. It has been rejected by the scientific community as having no explanatory power for describing the universe.

Answer 22

Astrology

Question 23

The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth’s surface, extending up to about 10-15 km above the Earth’s surface. It contains 75% of the atmosphere’s mass. It is wider at the equator than at the poles.

Answer 23

Troposphere

Question 24

Describes the formation of our solar system from a nebula cloud made from a collection of dust and gas. It is believed that the sun, planets, moons, and asteroids were formed around the same time around 4.5 billion years ago from a nebula.

Answer 24

Nebular Theory

Question 25

States that the Earth lay at the centre of the universe with the sun, the moon, and the known planets revolving around it in complicated orbits.

Answer 25

Ptolemaic Theory

Question 26

In astronomy, model of the solar system centered on the Sun, with Earth and other planets moving around it, formulated by Nicolaus Copernicus, and published in 1543.

Answer 26

Copernican Theory

Question 27

A rocky object in space that can be a few feet wide to several hundred miles wide. Most are in the solar system orbit in a belt between Mars and Jupiter.

Answer 27

Asteroids

Question 28

A small chunk of rock or iron that travels through space

Answer 28

Meteoroid

Question 29

A ball of frozen gases, rock and dust that is about the size of a small town. It orbit the sun. Jets of gas and dust from comets form long tails that can be seen from Earth.

Answer 29

Comet

Question 30

Occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partially obscuring Earth’s view of the Sun.

Answer 30

Solar Eclipse

Question 31

An eclipse in which the full moon passes partially or wholly through the umbra of the earth’s shadow

Answer 31

Lunar Eclipse