Biology - Intro Flashcards
Introduction to Biology
Who is the father of Biology?
Aristotle
The term Biology comes from
two Greek words (bios means ____ and logos means ______).
life; knowledge
This branch deals with both the external and internal
structures of organism.
Morphology
Each living organism consists of one or more cells. Structures and functions of cells are treated in this branch of Biology.
Cytology
A field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the internal body structures of living things.
Anatomy
In this branch discussion is made on structure, location and function of different tissues.
Histology
This branch includes all the activities of living things e.g
growth respiration, excretion, photosynthesis and other biological activities.
Physiology
How different characters are inherited from parents to offspring, and how the processes can be controlled and improved etc. are brought under study and research in this branch.
Genetics
In this branch discussion is made on identification
nomenclature, and classification of plants and animals into groups and subgroups.
Taxonomy
This branch considers the effects of environment on living
organisms or living communities and also interaction between them.
Ecology
This branch deals with the origin and successive transformations of living organisms.
Evolution
The branch of science that deals with the study of algae.
Phycology
The study of fungi, a group that includes the mushrooms and yeasts.
Mycology
The scientific discipline concerned with the study of the biology of viruses and viral diseases
Virology
The branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them.
Bacteriology
The scientific study of helminths, which are parasitic worms that inhabit various hosts, including humans, animals, and plants.
Helminthology
The study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms
Entomology
He is a great Greek scientist, is regarded as the
father of Zoology. He first established Zoology as a branch of Science.
Aristotle
He composed more than hundred books on different subjects. Sixteen of which were written on Medicine.
He was the first to reveal infection, and how to transmit some diseases like smallpox and measles. The first to describe gynecological diseases, such as: vaginal occlusion, fibroids and puerperal fever.
Ibn Sina
He is regarded as the Father of Botany.
Theophrastus
An Arab physician who made significant contributions to the early knowledge of the pulmonary circulation. 300 years before William Harvey, he described correctly the system of blood circulation in human body.
Ibn al-Nafis
He was the first known physician to describe completely, and in detail, the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and the rest of the body by the heart.
William Harvey
The father of modern taxonomy. He suggested the taxonomic hierarchy and the binomial system of nomenclature.
Carolus Linnaeus
The father of Evolution. He gave the theory of natural selection for evolution and established that the current species of organisms have all originated from common ancestral species.
Charles Robert Darwin
He independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection; his 1858 paper on the subject was published that year alongside extracts from Charles Darwin’s earlier writings on the topic.
Alfred Russel Wallace
Austrian Priest performed research work with pea plants in his church garden for a long time. Based on this research he established two laws concerning genetics, which are followed till today. He is regarded as the father of Genetics.
Gregor Johann Mendel
A British Botanist whose classification of seed plants (Spermatophyta), based on an exhaustive study of all known species, served as a foundation for modern systems of vascular plant taxonomy.
George Bentham
He noticed similarities between Archaeopteryx and a fossil dinosaur called Compsognathus. Based on these similarities, he proposed that birds were related to dinosaurs.
Thomas Henly Huxley
A Microbiologists, observed in 1918 that some bacterial growth stops in a culture media where Penicillium is grown.
Alexander Fleming
A Scottish botanist who worked in India at the Calcutta Botanical Garden and went on to become Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
David Prain
An Indian ornithologist and naturalist. Sometimes referred to as the “Birdman of India”, he was the first Indian to conduct systematic bird surveys across India and wrote several bird books that popularized ornithology in India.
Salim Ali
Krebs cycle of respiration in living beings is his discovery. He was a pioneer scientist in the study of cellular respiration, a biochemical process in living cells that extracts energy from food and oxygen and makes it available to drive the processes of life.
Sir Hans Krebs
In “A Structure of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid,” they described DNA as a double helix that contained two long, helical strands wound together. In their model, each DNA strand contained individual units called bases, and the bases along one DNA strand matched the bases along the other DNA strand.
James Watson and Francis Crick
He discovered the “Calvin cycle,” in which the “dark” photosynthetic reactions are impelled by compounds produced in the “light” reactions that occur on absorption of light by chlorophyll to yield oxygen.
Melvin Calvin
He believed that the life developed from microscopic spontaneously formed spherical lipid molecules held together by electrostatic forces, probably the earliest form of cells.
Alexander Oparin
