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science > Biology - Intro > Flashcards

Biology - Intro Flashcards

Introduction to Biology

1
Q

Who is the father of Biology?

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

The term Biology comes from
two Greek words (bios means ____ and logos means ______).

A

life; knowledge

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3
Q

This branch deals with both the external and internal
structures of organism.

A

Morphology

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4
Q

Each living organism consists of one or more cells. Structures and functions of cells are treated in this branch of Biology.

A

Cytology

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5
Q

A field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the internal body structures of living things.

A

Anatomy

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6
Q

In this branch discussion is made on structure, location and function of different tissues.

A

Histology

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7
Q

This branch includes all the activities of living things e.g
growth respiration, excretion, photosynthesis and other biological activities.

A

Physiology

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8
Q

How different characters are inherited from parents to offspring, and how the processes can be controlled and improved etc. are brought under study and research in this branch.

A

Genetics

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9
Q

In this branch discussion is made on identification
nomenclature, and classification of plants and animals into groups and subgroups.

A

Taxonomy

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10
Q

This branch considers the effects of environment on living
organisms or living communities and also interaction between them.

A

Ecology

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11
Q

This branch deals with the origin and successive transformations of living organisms.

A

Evolution

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12
Q

The branch of science that deals with the study of algae.

A

Phycology

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13
Q

The study of fungi, a group that includes the mushrooms and yeasts.

A

Mycology

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14
Q

The scientific discipline concerned with the study of the biology of viruses and viral diseases

A

Virology

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15
Q

The branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them.

A

Bacteriology

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16
Q

The scientific study of helminths, which are parasitic worms that inhabit various hosts, including humans, animals, and plants.

A

Helminthology

17
Q

The study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms

A

Entomology

18
Q

He is a great Greek scientist, is regarded as the
father of Zoology. He first established Zoology as a branch of Science.

A

Aristotle

19
Q

He composed more than hundred books on different subjects. Sixteen of which were written on Medicine.
He was the first to reveal infection, and how to transmit some diseases like smallpox and measles. The first to describe gynecological diseases, such as: vaginal occlusion, fibroids and puerperal fever.

A

Ibn Sina

19
Q

He is regarded as the Father of Botany.

A

Theophrastus

20
Q

An Arab physician who made significant contributions to the early knowledge of the pulmonary circulation. 300 years before William Harvey, he described correctly the system of blood circulation in human body.

A

Ibn al-Nafis

21
Q

He was the first known physician to describe completely, and in detail, the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and the rest of the body by the heart.

A

William Harvey

22
Q

The father of modern taxonomy. He suggested the taxonomic hierarchy and the binomial system of nomenclature.

A

Carolus Linnaeus

23
Q

The father of Evolution. He gave the theory of natural selection for evolution and established that the current species of organisms have all originated from common ancestral species.

A

Charles Robert Darwin

24
Q

He independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection; his 1858 paper on the subject was published that year alongside extracts from Charles Darwin’s earlier writings on the topic.

A

Alfred Russel Wallace

25
Q

Austrian Priest performed research work with pea plants in his church garden for a long time. Based on this research he established two laws concerning genetics, which are followed till today. He is regarded as the father of Genetics.

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

26
Q

A British Botanist whose classification of seed plants (Spermatophyta), based on an exhaustive study of all known species, served as a foundation for modern systems of vascular plant taxonomy.

A

George Bentham

27
Q

He noticed similarities between Archaeopteryx and a fossil dinosaur called Compsognathus. Based on these similarities, he proposed that birds were related to dinosaurs.

A

Thomas Henly Huxley

28
Q

A Microbiologists, observed in 1918 that some bacterial growth stops in a culture media where Penicillium is grown.

A

Alexander Fleming

29
Q

A Scottish botanist who worked in India at the Calcutta Botanical Garden and went on to become Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

A

David Prain

30
Q

An Indian ornithologist and naturalist. Sometimes referred to as the “Birdman of India”, he was the first Indian to conduct systematic bird surveys across India and wrote several bird books that popularized ornithology in India.

A

Salim Ali

31
Q

Krebs cycle of respiration in living beings is his discovery. He was a pioneer scientist in the study of cellular respiration, a biochemical process in living cells that extracts energy from food and oxygen and makes it available to drive the processes of life.

A

Sir Hans Krebs

32
Q

In “A Structure of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid,” they described DNA as a double helix that contained two long, helical strands wound together. In their model, each DNA strand contained individual units called bases, and the bases along one DNA strand matched the bases along the other DNA strand.

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

33
Q

He discovered the “Calvin cycle,” in which the “dark” photosynthetic reactions are impelled by compounds produced in the “light” reactions that occur on absorption of light by chlorophyll to yield oxygen.

A

Melvin Calvin

34
Q

He believed that the life developed from microscopic spontaneously formed spherical lipid molecules held together by electrostatic forces, probably the earliest form of cells.

A

Alexander Oparin

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