Crop Physiology Flashcards
“the science of properties and functions in normal conditions”
Plant Physiology
“Which is to gain a complete and thorough knowledge of all the Phenomena occurring in plants, to analyse complex life processes. So as to interpret them in terms of simpler one and reduce them finally to the principles of physics and chemistry”.
V.I. Palladin, Russian Plant Physiologyist early 20th Century
The concept of LAI (Leaf area index) was developed by?
D.J. Watson.
“the science concerned with processes and functions, the response of plants to changes in environment and the growth and development that results from responses”
Noggle and Fritz (1983
“Crop physiology, with the aim of understanding the dynamics of yield development in crops, Along with Holton he analysed the effects of plant spacing and sowing date on the development and yield of Egyptian Cotton plants within crop stands.”
W.L. Balls (1915)
In this year and place, a rapid development of the methods of growth and yield analysis by different investigators (V.H. Blackman, F.G. Gregory, G.E. Briggs etc.) was started. With the development of various methods of growth analysis, they started explaining ‘the physiology of crop yield’.
1924, In England
In what year did the concept of LAI (Leaf area index) was developed. This index has provided a more meaningful way of analyzing growth in crops, and stimulated renewed interest in crop physiology.
1947
In what decade did the studies on photosynthetic rate of the leaf and the loss of photosynthates by respiration was studied by the development of ‘Infra Red Gas Analysis (IRGA)’method.
1950’s
When and who explained about the manner of light interception by the crop canopy with their concept of light interception coefficient.
1953: Monsi and Saeki
In 1963, they showed that photosynthesis by leaves of Maize, Sugarcane and related tropical grasses could reach much higher rates, with less marked light saturation, than leaves of other plants.
Hesketh and Moss
It is concerned with the processes and functions of the crops at cellular, sub-cellular and whole plant levels in response to environmental variables and growth.
Crop Physiology
The study of functional aspects of crop plants.
Physiology
An evolutionary adaptation or a condition in which seeds are prevented from germinating even under the favorable environmental conditions.
Seed Dormancy
Growth measurement of crops formula.
(Optimum leaf area Index) and Net Assimilation rate. Crop Growth Rate (CGR = LAI X NAR).
It depends on how the dry matter is distributed among different organs of the plant.
Economic yield
The difference between total amount of dry matter produced and the photosynthates used in respiration is the net product of photosynthesis.
Harvest index
The state in which seed is unable to germinate, even under ideal growing conditions
Seed Dormancy
Majority of Herbicides-about half of the commercially important compounds—acted by?
interrupting photosynthetic electron flow.
It deals with metabolic and biochemical functions of the chemical elements and their interaction with other aspects of plant physiology.
Nutriophysiology
Response of plant to the relative length of day and night is called as?
Photoperiodism
An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. Because autotrophs produce their own food, they are sometimes called producers.
Autotrophs
Plants can regulate their growth through internal growth mechanisms involving the action of extremely low concentrations of chemical substances called
Plant growth substances, phytohormones or Plant growth regulators.
It has helped in identification of essential nutrients, ion uptake mechanisms, their deficiency symptoms and corrective measures. It also helps to check the toxicity symptoms of various nutrients.
Nutriophysiology
Chemicals produced by plants that regulate their growth, development, reproductive processes, longevity, and even death.
Plant hormones (phytohormones)
All plant cells have the same basic eukaryotic organization:
They contain?
a nucleus, a cytoplasm, and sub cellular organelles, and they are enclosed in a membrane that defines their boundaries.
In plants, cell migrations are prevented because each walled cell and its neighbor are cemented together by a?
Middle Lamella
The more advanced type of seed plant which dominate the landscape. About 300,000 species are known, but many more remain to be characterized.
Angiosperms
Vascular plants with stems, roots, and leaves. Their seeds are found in a flower. These make up the majority of all plants on earth. The seeds develop inside the plant organs and form fruit. Hence, they are also known as flowering plants.
Angiosperms
Their seeds (literally, “naked seeds”) are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity. Examples are pines, cedars, spruces and firs.
Gymnosperms
They produce seeds without fruits. These plants develop on the surface of scales or leaves, or at the end of stalks forming a cone-like structure.
Gymnosperms
Plant tissue that covers and protects the plants, found in barks.
dermal tissue
Plant tissue that are site for photosynthesis, found in leaves.
ground tissue
Plant tissue that transport water, minerals and sugar to different parts of the plants.
vascular tissue
The vegetative body of plants is composed of three organs:
leaf,
stem,
root.
Leaves are attached to the stem at nodes, and the region of the stem between two nodes is termed the?
internode
Vascular tissue that is responsible for transporting sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules up and down in plants.
phloem
Vascular tissue transports and stores water and water-soluble nutrients in vascular plants: soil→roots→stems→leaves
xylem
The stem together with its leaves is commonly referred to as the?
shoot
Plant growth is concentrated in localized regions of cell division called?
meristems
In a young plant, the most active meristems are called?
(they are located at the tips of the stem and the root)
apical meristems
They represents a structure responsible for attaching the petiole to the stem. Nodes are often associated with stem locations where leaves and buds grow. Because they are capable of generating a great deal of metabolic activity, nodes help to promote the growth of leaves, secondary stems, and flowers.
Node
