Crop Physiology

Question 1

“the science of properties and functions in normal conditions”

Answer 1

Plant Physiology

Question 2

“Which is to gain a complete and thorough knowledge of all the Phenomena occurring in plants, to analyse complex life processes. So as to interpret them in terms of simpler one and reduce them finally to the principles of physics and chemistry”.

Answer 2

V.I. Palladin, Russian Plant Physiologyist early 20th Century

Question 3

The concept of LAI (Leaf area index) was developed by?

Answer 3

D.J. Watson.

Question 3

“the science concerned with processes and functions, the response of plants to changes in environment and the growth and development that results from responses”

Answer 3

Noggle and Fritz (1983

Question 3

“Crop physiology, with the aim of understanding the dynamics of yield development in crops, Along with Holton he analysed the effects of plant spacing and sowing date on the development and yield of Egyptian Cotton plants within crop stands.”

Answer 3

W.L. Balls (1915)

Question 3

In this year and place, a rapid development of the methods of growth and yield analysis by different investigators (V.H. Blackman, F.G. Gregory, G.E. Briggs etc.) was started. With the development of various methods of growth analysis, they started explaining ‘the physiology of crop yield’.

Answer 3

1924, In England

Question 4

In what year did the concept of LAI (Leaf area index) was developed. This index has provided a more meaningful way of analyzing growth in crops, and stimulated renewed interest in crop physiology.

Answer 4

1947

Question 5

In what decade did the studies on photosynthetic rate of the leaf and the loss of photosynthates by respiration was studied by the development of ‘Infra Red Gas Analysis (IRGA)’method.

Answer 5

1950’s

Question 6

When and who explained about the manner of light interception by the crop canopy with their concept of light interception coefficient.

Answer 6

1953: Monsi and Saeki

Question 7

In 1963, they showed that photosynthesis by leaves of Maize, Sugarcane and related tropical grasses could reach much higher rates, with less marked light saturation, than leaves of other plants.

Answer 7

Hesketh and Moss

Question 8

It is concerned with the processes and functions of the crops at cellular, sub-cellular and whole plant levels in response to environmental variables and growth.

Answer 8

Crop Physiology

Question 9

The study of functional aspects of crop plants.

Answer 9

Physiology

Question 10

An evolutionary adaptation or a condition in which seeds are prevented from germinating even under the favorable environmental conditions.

Answer 10

Seed Dormancy

Question 11

Growth measurement of crops formula.

Answer 11

(Optimum leaf area Index) and Net Assimilation rate. Crop Growth Rate (CGR = LAI X NAR).

Question 12

It depends on how the dry matter is distributed among different organs of the plant.

Answer 12

Economic yield

Question 12

The difference between total amount of dry matter produced and the photosynthates used in respiration is the net product of photosynthesis.

Answer 12

Harvest index

Question 13

The state in which seed is unable to germinate, even under ideal growing conditions

Answer 13

Seed Dormancy

Question 14

Majority of Herbicides-about half of the commercially important compounds—acted by?

Answer 14

interrupting photosynthetic electron flow.

Question 15

It deals with metabolic and biochemical functions of the chemical elements and their interaction with other aspects of plant physiology.

Answer 15

Nutriophysiology

Question 16

Response of plant to the relative length of day and night is called as?

Answer 16

Photoperiodism

Question 17

An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. Because autotrophs produce their own food, they are sometimes called producers.

Answer 17

Autotrophs

Question 18

Plants can regulate their growth through internal growth mechanisms involving the action of extremely low concentrations of chemical substances called

Answer 18

Plant growth substances, phytohormones or Plant growth regulators.

Question 19

It has helped in identification of essential nutrients, ion uptake mechanisms, their deficiency symptoms and corrective measures. It also helps to check the toxicity symptoms of various nutrients.

Answer 19

Nutriophysiology

Question 20

Chemicals produced by plants that regulate their growth, development, reproductive processes, longevity, and even death.

Answer 20

Plant hormones (phytohormones)

Question 21

All plant cells have the same basic eukaryotic organization:
They contain?

Answer 21

a nucleus, a cytoplasm, and sub cellular organelles, and they are enclosed in a membrane that defines their boundaries.

Question 22

In plants, cell migrations are prevented because each walled cell and its neighbor are cemented together by a?

Answer 22

Middle Lamella

Question 23

The more advanced type of seed plant which dominate the landscape. About 300,000 species are known, but many more remain to be characterized.

Answer 23

Angiosperms

Question 24

Vascular plants with stems, roots, and leaves. Their seeds are found in a flower. These make up the majority of all plants on earth. The seeds develop inside the plant organs and form fruit. Hence, they are also known as flowering plants.

Answer 24

Angiosperms

Question 25

Their seeds (literally, “naked seeds”) are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity. Examples are pines, cedars, spruces and firs.

Answer 25

Gymnosperms

Question 26

They produce seeds without fruits. These plants develop on the surface of scales or leaves, or at the end of stalks forming a cone-like structure.

Answer 26

Gymnosperms

Question 27

Plant tissue that covers and protects the plants, found in barks.

Answer 27

dermal tissue

Question 28

Plant tissue that are site for photosynthesis, found in leaves.

Answer 28

ground tissue

Question 29

Plant tissue that transport water, minerals and sugar to different parts of the plants.

Answer 29

vascular tissue

Question 30

The vegetative body of plants is composed of three organs:

Answer 30

leaf,
stem,
root.

Question 31

Leaves are attached to the stem at nodes, and the region of the stem between two nodes is termed the?

Answer 31

internode

Question 32

Vascular tissue that is responsible for transporting sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules up and down in plants.

Answer 32

phloem

Question 33

Vascular tissue transports and stores water and water-soluble nutrients in vascular plants: soil→roots→stems→leaves

Answer 33

xylem

Question 34

The stem together with its leaves is commonly referred to as the?

Answer 34

shoot

Question 35

Plant growth is concentrated in localized regions of cell division called?

Answer 35

meristems

Question 36

In a young plant, the most active meristems are called?
(they are located at the tips of the stem and the root)

Answer 36

apical meristems

Question 37

They represents a structure responsible for attaching the petiole to the stem. Nodes are often associated with stem locations where leaves and buds grow. Because they are capable of generating a great deal of metabolic activity, nodes help to promote the growth of leaves, secondary stems, and flowers.

Answer 37

Node