Biology - Cell Flashcards
Cell
Nucleus is not well organized in these cells; nuclear membrane and nucleolus are absent here. In these cells Chromosome contains only DNA. Generally no other organelles are present except Ribosome.
Prokaryotic cell or Proto cell
There are well-organized nucleus in these cells with membrane and nucleolus. Chromosome contains DNA, proteins chloroplasts, mitochondria and other organelles.
Eukaryotic cell or Eucell
These cells construct the living body but do not take part in
reproduction. The cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells.
Somatic cell
These cells take part in sexual reproduction but do not
construct the main body. These cells are also haploid. Sperm and ovum are examples of reproductive cell.
Reproductive cell
This organelle is a non-living and hard wall, which constructs the plant cell, is called the cell wall. At first Robert
Hook observed it in 1665 AD. It doesn’t exist in animal cells.
Cell Wall
The cell wall of fungi is made of a carbohydrate called?
Chitin.
The functions of this organelle is to give a definite shape to the cell. It protects the Cell from external injury and gives necessary rigidity and to regulate the flow fluid between external and internal side of the cell.
Cell Wall
This organelle is made by the mixture of different complex compounds. It is jelly like, translucent, viscous, colorless semi solid-living substance. All the properties of life are present in it.
Protoplasm
In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to the this organelle on its outside surface. It consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. It regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
Plasma membrane or Cell membrane
It is a finger-like membrane protrusion, to increase the surface area on the epithelial cell that they are located on. Located in the small intestine function to increase the surface area in order to absorb more nutrients.
Microvilli
(Singular : Microvillus)
These are the functions of what organelle?:
(a) Transportation of different materials inside and outside the cell,
(b) Absorption of different substances (mainly nutrients) from outside the cell,
(c) protection of the cell body and giving the cell a definite shape.
Cell membrane
The outer area of cytoplasm is more concentrate. less granular and hard, which is called?
Ectoplasm
Outside the nucleus, the part of protoplasm, which is surrounded by the cell membrane, is known as? It is composed of different organic and inorganic compounds like water. different nucleic acid and enzymes.
Cytoplasm
Refers to the inner (often granulated), dense part of a cell’s cytoplasm.
Endoplasm
These are the functions of what organelle?:
(a) to hold different organelles and
(b) to perform some organic functions.
Cytoplasm
It is the fluid that fills cells and serves several important functions. It holds the internal components of cells in place and protects them from damage. It also stores molecules used for cellular processes, as well as hosts many of these processes within the cell itself. Refers to the cell content bounded by a cell membrane
Cytoplasm
The largest in size among the organelles present in cytoplasm. They can be seen clearly under microscope. It is not present in Fungi, Bacteria and Animal cells.
Plastid
A semicircular or tubular colorless plastid of a plant cell usually concerned with starch formation and storage. Present in the cells of organs like root. underground stem etc. which do not come in contact with sunlight.
Leucoplast
These are colored plastids that contain carotenoid pigment. They are ellipsoid, round, or needle-shaped structures. The function of it is imparting color to certain parts of plants such as flower petals, fruits, some roots, etc. so that insects are attracted for pollination.
Chromoplasts
An organelle that contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll (color green) that captures sunlight and converts it into useful energy, thereby, releasing oxygen from water.
Chloroplast
These are particles found in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts in which photosynthesis takes place. Composed equally of lipids and proteins, which include various photosynthetic pigments and redox carriers. Hence, they are also called as photosynthetic units.
Quantasome
The structure of chloroplast is a bi-layered semipermeable membrane surrounds itself. It is composed of protein and lipid, and called?
Lipoprotein
It is the fluid filling up the inner space of the chloroplasts which encircle the grana and the thylakoids. In addition to providing support to the pigment thylakoids, these are now known to contain chloroplast DNA, starch and ribosomes along with enzymes needed for Calvin cycle.
Stroma
It is the natural compound present in green plants that gives them their color. It helps plants to absorb energy from the sun as they undergo the process of photosynthesis. This nutrient is present in green vegetables and other plant-based foods, like algae.
Chlorophyll
