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Biology - Cell Flashcards

Cell

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleus is not well organized in these cells; nuclear membrane and nucleolus are absent here. In these cells Chromosome contains only DNA. Generally no other organelles are present except Ribosome.

A

Prokaryotic cell or Proto cell

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2
Q

There are well-organized nucleus in these cells with membrane and nucleolus. Chromosome contains DNA, proteins chloroplasts, mitochondria and other organelles.

A

Eukaryotic cell or Eucell

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3
Q

These cells construct the living body but do not take part in
reproduction. The cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells.

A

Somatic cell

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4
Q

These cells take part in sexual reproduction but do not
construct the main body. These cells are also haploid. Sperm and ovum are examples of reproductive cell.

A

Reproductive cell

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5
Q

This organelle is a non-living and hard wall, which constructs the plant cell, is called the cell wall. At first Robert
Hook observed it in 1665 AD. It doesn’t exist in animal cells.

A

Cell Wall

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6
Q

The cell wall of fungi is made of a carbohydrate called?

A

Chitin.

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7
Q

The functions of this organelle is to give a definite shape to the cell. It protects the Cell from external injury and gives necessary rigidity and to regulate the flow fluid between external and internal side of the cell.

A

Cell Wall

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8
Q

This organelle is made by the mixture of different complex compounds. It is jelly like, translucent, viscous, colorless semi solid-living substance. All the properties of life are present in it.

A

Protoplasm

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9
Q

In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to the this organelle on its outside surface. It consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. It regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

A

Plasma membrane or Cell membrane

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10
Q

It is a finger-like membrane protrusion, to increase the surface area on the epithelial cell that they are located on. Located in the small intestine function to increase the surface area in order to absorb more nutrients.

A

Microvilli
(Singular : Microvillus)

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11
Q

These are the functions of what organelle?:
(a) Transportation of different materials inside and outside the cell,
(b) Absorption of different substances (mainly nutrients) from outside the cell,
(c) protection of the cell body and giving the cell a definite shape.

A

Cell membrane

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12
Q

The outer area of cytoplasm is more concentrate. less granular and hard, which is called?

A

Ectoplasm

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13
Q

Outside the nucleus, the part of protoplasm, which is surrounded by the cell membrane, is known as? It is composed of different organic and inorganic compounds like water. different nucleic acid and enzymes.

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

Refers to the inner (often granulated), dense part of a cell’s cytoplasm.

A

Endoplasm

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15
Q

These are the functions of what organelle?:
(a) to hold different organelles and
(b) to perform some organic functions.

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

It is the fluid that fills cells and serves several important functions. It holds the internal components of cells in place and protects them from damage. It also stores molecules used for cellular processes, as well as hosts many of these processes within the cell itself. Refers to the cell content bounded by a cell membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

The largest in size among the organelles present in cytoplasm. They can be seen clearly under microscope. It is not present in Fungi, Bacteria and Animal cells.

A

Plastid

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18
Q

A semicircular or tubular colorless plastid of a plant cell usually concerned with starch formation and storage. Present in the cells of organs like root. underground stem etc. which do not come in contact with sunlight.

A

Leucoplast

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19
Q

These are colored plastids that contain carotenoid pigment. They are ellipsoid, round, or needle-shaped structures. The function of it is imparting color to certain parts of plants such as flower petals, fruits, some roots, etc. so that insects are attracted for pollination.

A

Chromoplasts

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20
Q

An organelle that contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll (color green) that captures sunlight and converts it into useful energy, thereby, releasing oxygen from water.

A

Chloroplast

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21
Q

These are particles found in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts in which photosynthesis takes place. Composed equally of lipids and proteins, which include various photosynthetic pigments and redox carriers. Hence, they are also called as photosynthetic units.

A

Quantasome

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22
Q

The structure of chloroplast is a bi-layered semipermeable membrane surrounds itself. It is composed of protein and lipid, and called?

A

Lipoprotein

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23
Q

It is the fluid filling up the inner space of the chloroplasts which encircle the grana and the thylakoids. In addition to providing support to the pigment thylakoids, these are now known to contain chloroplast DNA, starch and ribosomes along with enzymes needed for Calvin cycle.

A

Stroma

24
Q

It is the natural compound present in green plants that gives them their color. It helps plants to absorb energy from the sun as they undergo the process of photosynthesis. This nutrient is present in green vegetables and other plant-based foods, like algae.

A

Chlorophyll

25
Q

Krebs cycle, fatty acid cycle, electron transport system etc.
take place in this organelle.

A

Mitochondria
(Sing: Mitochondrion)

26
Q

All energy producing process in cell occurs in this organelle for which these are compared to the powerhouse of the cell. Normally each cell contains average 300-400.

A

Mitochondria

27
Q

Lipid, different hormones, glycogens etc. are synthesized in this type of endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

28
Q

ER having ribosome on its body is called? Protein synthesis occurs in this type of endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

29
Q

In a mature cell a network is found in the cytoplasm. They are bounded by double-layered semipermiable membrane.
Normally they are branched but may occur in parallel. They form the skeleton of protoplasm.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

30
Q

These are small spherical /granular organelle. They may occur freely in the cytoplasm and may be attached on the outer wall of endoplasmic reticulum. Mostly they are made by protein.

A

Ribosome

31
Q

This organelle may be flat, spherical or elongated. Normally they are present near the nucleus. It was first observed by a scientist named Golgi in 1898 AD in the nerve cells of owl and cat. In plant cells their number is small for which it is not always visible under microscope.

A

Golgi bodies/Golgi apparatus

32
Q

Function of these organelle are- synthesis of lysosome and non-protein substances, releasing some enzymes, expelling cell water and attaching substances to its membrane produced by endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Golgi bodies/Golgi apparatus

33
Q

In _________ various amino acids are combined to synthesize protein.

A

Ribosome

34
Q

The open spaces that found in the cytoplasm is the _______. In immature cell their number are many and small in size. But in a mature cell all the it combined together to form a large group.

A

Vacuole

35
Q

In animal cell there is a spherical body outside the nucleus. At the time of cell division it directs the poles of spindle
apparatus and help in cell division.

A

Centrosome

36
Q

This organelle is formed by various enzyme bounded by a membrane. Normally they are spherical. Their membrane is bi-layered. Their functions are phagocytosis i.e. to eat the invading enemy in the cell, to protect different organelles in the cell by dissolving enzymes and to help in digestion.

A

Lysosome

37
Q

Denser and clearer organ found in the protoplasm. Robert Brown discovered in 1831 AD in the cell of orchid leaf. Normally each cell contains one of it. Some eukaryotic cell like sieve tube, mature red blood cells of mammal do not have it. Usually it is spherical and present at the centre of the cell. It controls the total activity of the cell.

A

Nucleus

38
Q

The internal fluid of the vacuole is called what? Different kind of inorganic salts, organic acid, carbohydrate, protein, fat, various complex substances and various colour are present in this part of vacuole.

A

Cell Sap

39
Q

Chemically they are made of nucleic acid and protein. It contains some protein, trace of DNA and RNA, little amount of Co-enzyme and other materials. Physically they are
made by the following parts: - Nuclear membrane, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus and Chromosome.

A

Nucleus

40
Q

In which organ of a plant the Leucoplast is present?

A

Root

41
Q

The double layered transparent membrane, which make the outer covering of the nucleus. The outer membrane porous but the inner one is not. Chemically the membrane is made of protein and lipid.

A

Nuclear Membrane

42
Q

It is a transparent and dense fluid bounded by nuclear
membrane. Nucleolus and chromosomes are present in it.

A

Nucleoplasm

43
Q

The denser, small and round body found in the nucleus. Every nucleus normally contains a single ________. It is
usually attached to a certain area of a particular chromosome. Its composition are protein,
RNA and a trace of DNA.

A

Nucleolus

44
Q

In every nucleus there is a definite number of it
according to the characteristic of definite species. It can be seen under microscope after proper staining, only in a dividing cell. It contains one or more centromere, one chromonema or more chromonemata and
some may have satellite. It bears a number of gene
and genes are responsible for expressing characteristics of different species.

A

Chromosome

45
Q

Most _______ cells are bounded
by a non-living cell wall
made of cellulose. (Plant or Animal)

A

Plant

46
Q

In _______ cell reserve food is
mainly glycogen. (Plant or Animal)

A

Animal

47
Q

No cell wall is present in
this cell. It is surrounded
only by plasma membrane. (Plant Cell or Animal Cell)

A

Animal Cell

48
Q

Plastids are not available
here. (Plant Cell or Animal Cell)

A

Animal Cell

49
Q

Normally no centrosome is
present in this cell. (Plant Cell or Animal Cell)

A

Plant Cell

50
Q

In this cell reserve food is
mainly starch. (Plant Cell or Animal Cell)

A

Plant Cell

51
Q

Except some lower group of
animals most of this
cell do not have any vacuole. (Plant Cell or Animal Cell)

A

Animal Cell

52
Q

Golgi bodies are frequently
seen here under microscope. (Plant Cell or Animal Cell)

A

Animal Cell

53
Q

Movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input. Moves particles through the concentration gradient.

A

Passive Transport

54
Q

Is the movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration. Particles move against the concentration gradient.

A

Active Transport

55
Q

Net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration.

A

Diffusion

56
Q

A process where solvent molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution (which becomes more dilute).

A

Osmosis

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