General Pathology Flashcards
Veterinary pathology =
•Study of animal diseases.
Aetiology = (2)
- Cause of disease.
* E.g. FIP (Feline infectious peritonitis, caused by coronavirus = acquired infectious agent).
Pathogenesis = (2)
- Mechanisms (progression from initial stimulus to disease expression) that lead to the diseased state.
- In response of cells and tissue to aetiologic agent.
Importance of pathology. (3)
- Changes which cause clinical signs.
- Observed by physical examination, diagnostic testing, diagnostic imaging, post-mortem examination.
- Science behind the cure.
Clinical pathology = (2)
- Fluids from animals e.g. blood.
* Haematology, cytology, biochemistry.
Anatomic pathology = (3)
- Working with whole tissues.
- Immunohistochemistry (antigens).
- Gross pathology, histopathology (microscopic), ultrastructural pathology (electron microscope).
Pathology definition. (3)
- Study of the structural, biochemical (e.g. glucose) and functional (e.g. epilepsy = no change on MRI, heart failure = no clinical signs when myocardium is thickened). changes in cells tissues and organs that underlie disease.
- Bridge between basic sciences and clinical medicine.
- Scientific foundation of all of medicine
What techniques does pathology use to explain clinical signs manifested by patients? (4)
- Molecular.
- Immunological.
- Microbiological.
- Morphological.
General pathology =
•Reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli and inherited defects.
Systemic pathology =
•Specific disease processes as they affect particular organs and systems.
Four components of pathology. (4)
- Aetiology.
- Pathogenesis.
- Molecular and morphological changes.
- Functional derangements and clinical manifestations.
Two classes of aetiology. (3)
- 1). Genetic - inherited mutations, disease associated gene variants etc.).
- 2). Acquired - infectious, nutritional, chemical, physical).
- *Can be a combination - e.g. copper toxicosis in bedlington terriers, copper needs to be taken in nutritionally = acquired but alsso have COMMD1 gene mutation in liver.
What is pathogenesis important for?
•Therapeutic interventions often focus on specific pathways within the pathogenesis of a disease; drug discovery.
Morphological changes = (3)
- Structural changes in cells, tissues, or organs.
- May be characteristic of a disease or diagnostic of an aetiological agent - may tell you what it is/where to look further.
- E.g. GME in dogs - meninges - if neutrophils then more testing i.e. culture bacteria.
Molecular changes = (2)
- Changes in the molecular and/or immunological expression in disease states.
- E.g. Staining virus particles.
