General Organization of a Vertebrae Flashcards
What are the three basic osseous parts of a vertebrae
the vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions
What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine
cervical-rectangular
thoracic-triangular
lumbar reniform
What is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body
superior/inferior epiphyseal rim
What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body
Superior and inferior epiphyseal plate
What are the names of the opening found around the margins of the vertebral body
nutrient foramina or vascular foramina
What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body
the basivertebral venous foramen
What is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch
the pedicle
What is the name given to the feature located at the upper and lower surface of the pedicle
the superior/inferior vertebral notch/incisor
What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine
cervical-posterolateral
thoracic-posterior and slight lateral
lumbar-posterior
All lamina are oriented in what direction
posterior and median
What ligament will attach to the lamina
ligamentum flavum
What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum
para articular processes
What classification of bone will para-articular processes represent
accessory bone
What is the name given to the overlap of lamina as seen on x-ray
shingling
What is the name given to the lamina-pedicle junction at each region of the spine
cervical- articular pillars
thoracic & lumbar- pars interarticularis
What is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch- spinous process on lateral X-ray
the spinolaminar junction
What is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch
the apophyseal regions
What names may be given to each apophysis of the spine
the transverse apophysis or transverse process
articular apophysis or articular process
spinous apophysis or spinous process
What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine
cervical-anterior lateral
thoracic- posteriorlateral
lumbar-lateral
All non-rib-bearing vertebrae of the spine retain what equivalent feature
the costal element
What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process
the transverse tubercle
What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region
cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position
What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region
the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse process backward
What will the articular process/articular apophysis support
the articular facet
What is the name given to the joint formed between articular facets of a vertebral couple
The zigapophysis
What is the name given to the bone surface at the front of a zygapophysis
the superior articular facet
What is the name given to the one surface at the back of the zygapophysis
the inferior articular apophysis, the inferior articular process or the post zygapophysis
What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the pre-zygapophysis
the superior articular process or superior articular apophysis
What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the post zygapophysis
the inferior articular process or inferior articular apophysis
What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen
the inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/ pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum
What will form the superior boundary of a typical vertebral foramen
the inferior vertebral notch/incisure
What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen
the superior vertebral notch/incisure
What will form the anterior boundary ofa typical intervertebral foramne
the vertebral body of the segment above and below, the intervertebral disc, and the Posterior longitudinal ligament
What is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/apophysis
calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/apophysis and the horizontal plane
What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous process/apophyses as seen on x-ray
imbrication
What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/apophysis
spinous tubercle
What is the orientation of the spinous process/apophysis at each regioun of the spine
cervical-slight angle inferiorly
thoracic -noticeable angle inferiorly
lumbar-no inferior angle
