Functions of the vertebral column/Embryology of the Vertebral Column

Question 1

What levels of the vertebral column specifically accommodate weight-bearing transfer

Answer 1

S1-S3 at the auricular surface

Question 2

What organ(s) is/are specifically associated with the horizontal axis of the skull

Answer 2

the eye and the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear

Question 3

When does the embryonic disc form

Answer 3

second week in utero

Question 4

When does gastrulation occur or a 3 layered embryo form

Answer 4

third week in utero

Question 5

Invagination of ectoderm along the primitive streak gives rise to what embryonic structure

Answer 5

notochord

Question 6

What is the name given to the mesoderm that will give rise to the vertebral column

Answer 6

paraxial mesoderm

Question 7

What embryonic structure gives rise to the somites

Answer 7

paraxial mesoderm

Question 8

Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somite

Answer 8

sclerotome, myotome and dermatome

Question 9

What are the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development

Answer 9

membranous cartilaginous, skeletal or osseous

Question 10

Migration of a somite pair to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature

Answer 10

the perichordal lastema

Question 11

the perichordal blastema gives rise to what processes

Answer 11

neural processes and costal processes

Question 12

What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastemae

Answer 12

intersegmental artery

Question 13

What forms between the scleromites of a perichordal blastema

Answer 13

ther intersclerotomal fissure (fissure von Ebner)

Question 14

The intersclerotomal fissure (fissure von Ebner) gives rise to what developmental feature

Answer 14

the perichordal disc

Question 15

The union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blastemae gives rise to what feature

Answer 15

the vertebral blastema

Question 16

Wha tvessel will be identified adjacent ot the vertebral blastema

Answer 16

segmental artery

Question 17

When will cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema

Answer 17

beginning in the 6th embryonic week

Question 18

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage

Answer 18

chondrification

Question 19

What are the names given to the centers of chondrification within the vertebral blastema

Answer 19

centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center

Question 20

How many centers of chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema

Answer 20

six——2 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches, 2 for each transverse process

Question 21

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebrae

Answer 21

during the seventh week in utero

Question 22

What is the name given to the centers of ossification based on time of appearance

Answer 22

primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

Question 23

What is the ratio of primary to secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae

Answer 23

3 primary centers and 5 secondary centers

Question 24

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae

Answer 24

centrum centers and neural arch centers

Question 25

What are the names/locations of the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae

Answer 25

tip of the Transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers

Question 26

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebrae

Answer 26

during puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old