Functions of the vertebral column/Embryology of the Vertebral Column Flashcards
What levels of the vertebral column specifically accommodate weight-bearing transfer
S1-S3 at the auricular surface
What organ(s) is/are specifically associated with the horizontal axis of the skull
the eye and the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear
When does the embryonic disc form
second week in utero
When does gastrulation occur or a 3 layered embryo form
third week in utero
Invagination of ectoderm along the primitive streak gives rise to what embryonic structure
notochord
What is the name given to the mesoderm that will give rise to the vertebral column
paraxial mesoderm
What embryonic structure gives rise to the somites
paraxial mesoderm
Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somite
sclerotome, myotome and dermatome
What are the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development
membranous cartilaginous, skeletal or osseous
Migration of a somite pair to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature
the perichordal lastema
the perichordal blastema gives rise to what processes
neural processes and costal processes
What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastemae
intersegmental artery
What forms between the scleromites of a perichordal blastema
ther intersclerotomal fissure (fissure von Ebner)
The intersclerotomal fissure (fissure von Ebner) gives rise to what developmental feature
the perichordal disc
The union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blastemae gives rise to what feature
the vertebral blastema
Wha tvessel will be identified adjacent ot the vertebral blastema
segmental artery
When will cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema
beginning in the 6th embryonic week
What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage
chondrification
What are the names given to the centers of chondrification within the vertebral blastema
centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center
How many centers of chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema
six——2 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches, 2 for each transverse process
What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebrae
during the seventh week in utero
What is the name given to the centers of ossification based on time of appearance
primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth
What is the ratio of primary to secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae
3 primary centers and 5 secondary centers
What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae
centrum centers and neural arch centers
What are the names/locations of the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae
tip of the Transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers
What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebrae
during puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old
