Arthrology Part 2 Flashcards
What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties
cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property
what is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties
cartilage can deform and return to original volume slowly, a time dependent property
Which theory of joint lubrication implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid
weeping theory
Which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss from the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining fluid
boosted theory
Which theory of joint lubrication implies an ADsorbtion of lubricant onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement
boundary theory
What are the properties of synovial fluid
it is yellow-white viscous, slightly alkaline, and tastes salty
Which substance in synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior
hylauronate
which substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior
lubricin
What is a simple synovial joint (diarthrosis)
only one pair of articulating surfaces are observed
What is a compound synovial joint (diarthrosis)
more than two articulating surfaces are present in the same synovial joint
What is a complex synovial joint (Diarthrosis)
within the simple or compound joint, the articulating surfaces are seperated by an articular disc (intra-articular disc) or meniscus
What are the classifications of synovial joints (diarthroses) based on type of movement)
nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial synovial joints
What movements are accommodated by nonaxial synovial joints
translational movement, a plane or gliding movement
What morphological classification of synovial joints is classified as nonaxial
plane (diarthrosis arthrodial)
What movements are accommodated by uniaxial synovial joints
a single combination of movements relative to a single axis: flexion extension or medial-lateral rotation
What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as uniaxial
hinge (diarthrosis ginglymus) and pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)
What movements are accommodated by biaxial synovial joints
movement in two independent planes at right angles to each other: flexion-extension combined with abduction and adduction
What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as biaxial
(Diarthrosis) bicondylar, (diarthrosis) condylar, (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal and saddle (diarthrosis Sellar)
What morphological classification of synovial joints would be classified as multiaxial
ball and socket (diarthrosis enarthrosis), (diarthrosis spheroidal), (diarthrosis cotyloid) are all classifications given to the same type of joint
What are examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joints
most zygapophyses of the vertebral column intercarpal, carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints of the hand inter cuneiform, tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints of the foot.
What are examples of synovial hinge (diarthrosis ginglymus) joints
humero-ulnar joint of the elbow and interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes
What are examples of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints
median atlanto-axial joint and proximal radio-ulnar joint
What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints
an osseous pivot point and an osteo-ligamentous ring
What are examples of diarthrosis condylar or diarthrosis bicondylar joints
temporomandibular joint and femur-tibia joint of the knee
What are examples of diarthrosis ellipsoidal joints
radiocarpal joint of the wrist,
metacarpo-phalangeal joints of the hand, metatarsal-phalangeal joints of the foot
atlanto-occipital joint of the vertebral column
Which synovial joint classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks
ellipsoidal and condylar synovial joints
What are examples of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joints
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
talocrural joint of the ankle
calcaneocuboid joint of the foot
What are examples of diarthrosis cotyloid joint
femur-acetabulum of the inominate articulation at the hip
humerus-glenoid cavity of the scapula articulation at the shoulder
