General Immunology

Question 1

What cells are primarily found in the lymph follicle?

Answer 1

B cells

Question 2

What cells are primarily found on the paracortex of a lymph node?

Answer 2

T cells

Question 3

What type of infection would you see an enlargement of the paracortex?

Answer 3

Viral Infection

Question 4

Where in the lymph node do you find macrophages and reticular cells?

Answer 4

Medulla (medulla also communicates with efferent sinuses)

Question 5

Below the pectinate line drains into what lymph nodes?

Answer 5

Superficial Inguinal

Question 6

Above the pectinate line drains into what lymph nodes?

Answer 6

Internal Iliac

Question 7

The testes drain into what lymph nodes?

Answer 7

Para-aortic

Question 8

A man is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum. Will he have a palpable lymph node?

Answer 8

Yes the scrotum drains into the superficial inguinal while the testes drains into the para-aortic

Question 9

What two places below the level of the umbilicus do not drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 9

Dorsolateral foot and the posterior calf (drain into popliteal lymph nodes- above the knee and are palpable)

Question 10

Prostate drains into what lymph nodes?

Answer 10

Internal Iliac

Question 11

What four structures drain into the para-aortic lymph nodes?

Answer 11

Testes Ovaries Kidneys Ureters

Question 12

Where are T cells found within the spleen?

Answer 12

periarteriolar lymphatic stealth (PALS) within the white pulp

Question 13

Where are B cells found within the spleen?

Answer 13

Follicles within the white pulp

Question 14

Inside the spleen, where do APC capture pathogens for recognition?

Answer 14

The marginal zone (in-between white and red pulp)

Question 15

What is contained within the marginal zone?

Answer 15

Macrophages and specialized B cells

Question 16

What type of pathogen are splenic macrophages responsible for removing?

Answer 16

Encapsulated organisms (sickle cell its susceptible to these for this reason)

Question 17

What is the pathophysiology behind why splenic dysfunction leads to decrease removal of encapsulated organisms?

Answer 17

Decrease in IgM lead to decrease complement activation and decrease C3b opsonization -> susceptibility to encapsulated organisms

Question 18

What is the purpose of the thymus?

Answer 18

T cell differentiation and maturation

Question 19

What pharyngeal pouch does the thymus come from?

Answer 19

3rd

Question 20

What two pathologies contain a hypoplastic thymus?

Answer 20

DiGeorge Syndrome

SCID

Question 21

What does a thymus look like on a normal CXR of a child?

Answer 21

Sail Sign

Question 22

What two pathologies are assc with tumors of the thymus?

Answer 22

MG

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

Question 23

Where are the immatue T cells located in the thymus?

Answer 23

Cortex

(mature are loacted medulla-pale)

Question 24

What are the components of the adaptive immune response?

Answer 24

B and T cells with circulating Ab

Question 25

Which immune system is variable?

Answer 25

Adaptive is variable through the V(D)J recombination during lymph development

Question 26

Which MHC is located on all nucleated cells?

Answer 26

MHC I

Question 27

MHC I involves the presentation of what pathogens?

Answer 27

Intracellular and Tumor Cells (remember that MHC I cells are located on all nucleated cells and therefore can present intracellular pathogens)

Question 28

MHC I present endogenously synthesized antigens to what type of T cells?

Answer 28

CD8 Cytotoxic T Cells (Should always add up to 8- MHC 1 with CD8 and MHC 2 with CD 4)

Question 29

What protein is assc with MHC I complex and is responsible for dialysis induced amyloidosis?

Answer 29

Beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2 chain is too large to be filtered by dialysis and therefore builds up in tissues)

Question 30

MHC-1 is assc with what HLA loci?

Answer 30

HLA- A, B, and C | (MHC 1 = only have 1 letter)

Question 31

What HLA loci are assc with MHC II?

Answer 31

HLA-DP, DQ, DR | (MHC 2 = all have 2 letters)

Question 32

MHC 2 molecules are located on what cells?

Answer 32

APC

Question 33

MHC 2 molecules present to what T cells?

Answer 33

CD4 Helper T cells

Question 34

What molecule guides the MHC thru the golgi to combine with the phagolysosomes that contains the antigen?

Answer 34

Invariant Chain (occupies the space on the receptor until a antigen is ready to be presented)

Question 35

What would happen if you could not acidify the endosome/lysosome?

Answer 35

Antigens would not be presented to APC via MHC 2 receptor

Question 37

What interleukins enahnce the effects of NK cells? (5)

Answer 37

IL2 IL12 IFN alpha IFN beta

Question 38

An absence of a MHC molecule on a cell surface would lead to destruction by which cell?

Answer 38

NK Cells

Question 39

How do NK cells induce apoptosis?

Answer 39

Use perforin to perforate a hole in the cell and release granzymes, these granzymes activate Cyt C which releases caspases and causes apoptosis

Question 40

How do NK cells also indice killing via Ab method?

Answer 40

Ab dependent cell mediated cytotoxcity occurd when CD16 binds Fc region of bound Ig and this activates the NK cell

Question 41

NK cells induce apoptosis in what cells?

Answer 41

Virally infected cells and tumor cells