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Immunology First Aid > General Immunology > Flashcards

General Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are primarily found in the lymph follicle?

A

B cells

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2
Q

What cells are primarily found on the paracortex of a lymph node?

A

T cells

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3
Q

What type of infection would you see an enlargement of the paracortex?

A

Viral Infection

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4
Q

Where in the lymph node do you find macrophages and reticular cells?

A

Medulla (medulla also communicates with efferent sinuses)

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5
Q

Below the pectinate line drains into what lymph nodes?

A

Superficial Inguinal

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6
Q

Above the pectinate line drains into what lymph nodes?

A

Internal Iliac

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7
Q

The testes drain into what lymph nodes?

A

Para-aortic

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8
Q

A man is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum. Will he have a palpable lymph node?

A

Yes the scrotum drains into the superficial inguinal while the testes drains into the para-aortic

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9
Q

What two places below the level of the umbilicus do not drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

A

Dorsolateral foot and the posterior calf (drain into popliteal lymph nodes- above the knee and are palpable)

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10
Q

Prostate drains into what lymph nodes?

A

Internal Iliac

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11
Q

What four structures drain into the para-aortic lymph nodes?

A

Testes Ovaries Kidneys Ureters

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12
Q

Where are T cells found within the spleen?

A

periarteriolar lymphatic stealth (PALS) within the white pulp

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13
Q

Where are B cells found within the spleen?

A

Follicles within the white pulp

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14
Q

Inside the spleen, where do APC capture pathogens for recognition?

A

The marginal zone (in-between white and red pulp)

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15
Q

What is contained within the marginal zone?

A

Macrophages and specialized B cells

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16
Q

What type of pathogen are splenic macrophages responsible for removing?

A

Encapsulated organisms (sickle cell its susceptible to these for this reason)

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17
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind why splenic dysfunction leads to decrease removal of encapsulated organisms?

A

Decrease in IgM lead to decrease complement activation and decrease C3b opsonization -> susceptibility to encapsulated organisms

18
Q

What is the purpose of the thymus?

A

T cell differentiation and maturation

19
Q

What pharyngeal pouch does the thymus come from?

A

3rd

20
Q

What two pathologies contain a hypoplastic thymus?

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

SCID

21
Q

What does a thymus look like on a normal CXR of a child?

A

Sail Sign

22
Q

What two pathologies are assc with tumors of the thymus?

A

MG

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

23
Q

Where are the immatue T cells located in the thymus?

A

Cortex

(mature are loacted medulla-pale)

24
Q

What are the components of the adaptive immune response?

A

B and T cells with circulating Ab

25
Q

Which immune system is variable?

A

Adaptive is variable through the V(D)J recombination during lymph development

26
Q

Which MHC is located on all nucleated cells?

A

MHC I

27
Q

MHC I involves the presentation of what pathogens?

A

Intracellular and Tumor Cells

(remember that MHC I cells are located on all nucleated cells and therefore can present intracellular pathogens)

28
Q

MHC I present endogenously synthesized antigens to what type of T cells?

A

CD8 Cytotoxic T Cells

(Should always add up to 8- MHC 1 with CD8 and MHC 2 with CD 4)

29
Q

What protein is assc with MHC I complex and is responsible for dialysis induced amyloidosis?

A

Beta 2 microglobulin

(beta 2 chain is too large to be filtered by dialysis and therefore builds up in tissues)

30
Q

MHC-1 is assc with what HLA loci?

A

HLA- A, B, and C

(MHC 1 = only have 1 letter)

31
Q

What HLA loci are assc with MHC II?

A

HLA-DP, DQ, DR

(MHC 2 = all have 2 letters)

32
Q

MHC 2 molecules are located on what cells?

A

APC

33
Q

MHC 2 molecules present to what T cells?

A

CD4 Helper T cells

34
Q

What molecule guides the MHC thru the golgi to combine with the phagolysosomes that contains the antigen?

A

Invariant Chain

(occupies the space on the receptor until a antigen is ready to be presented)

35
Q

What would happen if you could not acidify the endosome/lysosome?

A

Antigens would not be presented to APC via MHC 2 receptor

36
Q
A
37
Q

What interleukins enahnce the effects of NK cells?

(5)

A

IL2

IL12

IFN alpha

IFN beta

38
Q

An absence of a MHC molecule on a cell surface would lead to destruction by which cell?

A

NK Cells

39
Q

How do NK cells induce apoptosis?

A

Use perforin to perforate a hole in the cell and release granzymes, these granzymes activate Cyt C which releases caspases and causes apoptosis

40
Q

How do NK cells also indice killing via Ab method?

A

Ab dependent cell mediated cytotoxcity occurd when CD16 binds Fc region of bound Ig and this activates the NK cell

41
Q

NK cells induce apoptosis in what cells?

A

Virally infected cells and tumor cells

42
Q
A

Immunology First Aid (8 decks)

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