General Immunology Flashcards
What cells are primarily found in the lymph follicle?
B cells
What cells are primarily found on the paracortex of a lymph node?
T cells
What type of infection would you see an enlargement of the paracortex?
Viral Infection
Where in the lymph node do you find macrophages and reticular cells?
Medulla (medulla also communicates with efferent sinuses)
Below the pectinate line drains into what lymph nodes?
Superficial Inguinal
Above the pectinate line drains into what lymph nodes?
Internal Iliac
The testes drain into what lymph nodes?
Para-aortic
A man is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum. Will he have a palpable lymph node?
Yes the scrotum drains into the superficial inguinal while the testes drains into the para-aortic
What two places below the level of the umbilicus do not drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes?
Dorsolateral foot and the posterior calf (drain into popliteal lymph nodes- above the knee and are palpable)
Prostate drains into what lymph nodes?
Internal Iliac
What four structures drain into the para-aortic lymph nodes?
Testes Ovaries Kidneys Ureters
Where are T cells found within the spleen?
periarteriolar lymphatic stealth (PALS) within the white pulp
Where are B cells found within the spleen?
Follicles within the white pulp
Inside the spleen, where do APC capture pathogens for recognition?
The marginal zone (in-between white and red pulp)
What is contained within the marginal zone?
Macrophages and specialized B cells
What type of pathogen are splenic macrophages responsible for removing?
Encapsulated organisms (sickle cell its susceptible to these for this reason)
What is the pathophysiology behind why splenic dysfunction leads to decrease removal of encapsulated organisms?
Decrease in IgM lead to decrease complement activation and decrease C3b opsonization -> susceptibility to encapsulated organisms
What is the purpose of the thymus?
T cell differentiation and maturation
What pharyngeal pouch does the thymus come from?
3rd
What two pathologies contain a hypoplastic thymus?
DiGeorge Syndrome
SCID
What does a thymus look like on a normal CXR of a child?
Sail Sign
What two pathologies are assc with tumors of the thymus?
MG
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Where are the immatue T cells located in the thymus?
Cortex
(mature are loacted medulla-pale)
What are the components of the adaptive immune response?
B and T cells with circulating Ab
Which immune system is variable?
Adaptive is variable through the V(D)J recombination during lymph development
Which MHC is located on all nucleated cells?
MHC I
MHC I involves the presentation of what pathogens?
Intracellular and Tumor Cells
(remember that MHC I cells are located on all nucleated cells and therefore can present intracellular pathogens)
MHC I present endogenously synthesized antigens to what type of T cells?
CD8 Cytotoxic T Cells
(Should always add up to 8- MHC 1 with CD8 and MHC 2 with CD 4)
What protein is assc with MHC I complex and is responsible for dialysis induced amyloidosis?
Beta 2 microglobulin
(beta 2 chain is too large to be filtered by dialysis and therefore builds up in tissues)
MHC-1 is assc with what HLA loci?
HLA- A, B, and C
(MHC 1 = only have 1 letter)
What HLA loci are assc with MHC II?
HLA-DP, DQ, DR
(MHC 2 = all have 2 letters)
MHC 2 molecules are located on what cells?
APC
MHC 2 molecules present to what T cells?
CD4 Helper T cells
What molecule guides the MHC thru the golgi to combine with the phagolysosomes that contains the antigen?
Invariant Chain
(occupies the space on the receptor until a antigen is ready to be presented)
What would happen if you could not acidify the endosome/lysosome?
Antigens would not be presented to APC via MHC 2 receptor
What interleukins enahnce the effects of NK cells?
(5)
IL2
IL12
IFN alpha
IFN beta
An absence of a MHC molecule on a cell surface would lead to destruction by which cell?
NK Cells
How do NK cells induce apoptosis?
Use perforin to perforate a hole in the cell and release granzymes, these granzymes activate Cyt C which releases caspases and causes apoptosis
How do NK cells also indice killing via Ab method?
Ab dependent cell mediated cytotoxcity occurd when CD16 binds Fc region of bound Ig and this activates the NK cell
NK cells induce apoptosis in what cells?
Virally infected cells and tumor cells
