General effects of disease on the body Flashcards
Infection
the actual invasion of the body cells by the pathogens, resulting in an inflammatory response of the cells which produce 5 stages of inflammation: heat, swelling, pain, redness, loss of function. Examples include dental caries, periodontal disease, denture stomatitis, herpes simplex.
Ulcer
a shallow break in the skin or mucous membrane, leaving a raw + painful circular base that may bleed when touched
Aphthous ulcers
associated with stress, vitamin deficiency, poor nutrition
Traumatic ulcers
caused by dental appliances or vigorous tooth brushing
Cyst
an abnormal sac of fluid that develops within the body tissues over a period of time
Dentigerous cyst
develops around an impacted, unerrupted tooth
Periapical cyst
develop around the tooth apex
Trauma to minor salivary glands
producing a cyst called ‘mucocele’ usually occurs on the lower lip
Tumour
a swelling within any body tissue due to an uncontrolled + abnormal overgrowth of the body cells.
Benign
when the swelling causes no harm other than to displace surrounding structures
Malignant
when the swelling invades + damages the surrounding structures + usually referred to as cancer
Examples of tumours
squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium
osteosarcoma of the mandible or maxilla
saliva gland tumours (benign or malignant)
lymphoma affecting the lymph glands of the neck
Congenital/developmental defect
either an inherited condition or genetic mutation which produces an illness or condition that is present at birth
Examples of congenital/developmental defect
cleft lip or palate
congenital absence of some teeth - hypodontia
defect of tooth formation such as amelogenesis imperfect
