General Chemistry Flashcards
Following overnight fasting, hypoglycemia in non-diabetic adults is defined as a glucose of:
A) < or equal to 70 mg/dL (< or equal 3.9 mmol/L)
B) < or equal to 60 mg/dL (< or equal to 3.3 mmol/L)
C) < or equal to 55 mg/dL (or < or equal to 3.0 mmol/L)
D) < or equal to 45 mg/dL (< or equal to 2.5 mmol/L)
C) < or equal to 55 mg/dL (< or equal to 3.0 mmol/L)
The test results are from a 21-year-old patent with a back injury who appears otherwise healthy:
Test: Whole Blood Glucose
Result: 77 mg/dL (4.2 mmol/L)
Test: Serum Glucose
Result: 88 mg/dL (4.8 mmol/L)
Test: CSF glucose
Result: 56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L)
The best interpretation of these results is that:
A) the whole blood and serum values are expected but the CSF value is elevated
B) the whole blood glucose value should be higher than the serum value
C) all values are consistent with a normal healthy individual
D) the serum and whole blood values should be identical
C) all values are consistent with a normal healthy individual
The preparation of a patient for standard glucose tolerance testing should include:
A) a high carbohydrate diet for 3 days
B) a low carbohydrate diet for 3 days
C) fasting for 48 hours prior to testing
D) bed rest for 3 days
A) a high carbohydrate diet for 3 days
If a fasting glucose was 90 mg/dL, which of the following 2-hour postprandial glucose results would most closely represent normal glucose metabolism?
A) 55 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L)
B) 100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L)
C) 180 mg/dL (9.9 mmol/L)
D) 260 mg/dL (14.3 mmol/L)
B) 100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L)
A healthy person with a blood glucose of 80 mg/dL (4.4 mmol/L) would have a simultaneously determined cerebrospinal fluid glucose value of:
A) 25 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L)
B) 50 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L)
C) 100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol)
D) 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L)
B) 50 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L)
A 25 year old man became nauseated and vomited 90 minutes after receiving a standard 75 g carbohydrate dose for an oral glucose tolerance test. The best course of action is to:
A) give the patient a glass of orange juice and continue the test
B) start the test over immediately with a 50 g carbohydrate dose
C) draw blood for glucose and discontinue test
D) place the patient in a recumbent position, reassure him and continue the test
C) draw blood for glucose and discontinue test
Cerebrospinal fluid for glucose assay should be:
A) refrigerated
B) analyzed immediately
C) heated to 56 degree C
D) stored at room temperature after centrifugation
B) analyzed immediately
Which of the following 2-hour postpradial glucose values demonstrates unequivocal hyperglycemia diagnostic for diabetes mellitus?
A) 160 mg/dL (8.8 mmol/L)
B) 170 mg/dL (9.4 mmol/L)
C) 180 mg/dL ( 9.9 mmol/L)
D) 200 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L)
D) 200 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L)
Serum levels that define hypoglycemia in pre-term or low birth weight infants are:
A) the same as adults
B) lower than adults
C) the same as a normal full-term infant
D) higher than a normal full-term infant
B) lower than adults
A 45 year old woman has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 95 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L) and a 2 hour postpradial glucose concentration of 105 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The statement which best describes this patients fasting serum glucose concentration is:
A) normal; reflecting glycogen breakdown by the liver
B) normal; reflecting glycogen breakdown by the skeletal muscle
C) abnormal; indicating diabetes mellitus
D) abnormal; indicating hypoglycemia
A) normal; reflecting glycogen breakdown by the liver
Pregnant women with symptoms of thirst, frequent urination or unexplained weight loss should have which of the following tests performed?
A) tolbutamide test
B) lactose tolerance test
C) epinephrine tolerance test
D) glucose tolerance test
D) glucose tolerance test
In the fasting state, the arterial and capillary blood glucose concentration varies from the venous glucose concentration by approximately how many mg/dL (mmol/L)?
A) 1 mg/dL (0.05 mmol/L) higher
B) 5 mg/dL (0.27 mmol/L) higher
C) 10 mg/dL (0.55 mmol/L) lower
D) 15 mg/dL (0.82 mmol/L) lower
B) 5 mg/dL (0.27 mmol/L) higher
The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called:
A) glycogenesis
B) glycogenolysis
C) gluconeogenesis
D) glycolysis
D) glycolysis
Which one of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test are diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
A) 2 hour specimen= 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L)
B) fasting plasma glucose= 126 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L)
C) fasting plasma glucose = 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L)
D) 2-hour specimen = 180 mg/dL (9.9 mmol/L)
B) fasting plasma glucose= 126 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L)
Monitoring long-term glucose control in patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus can best be accomplished by measuring:
A) weekly fasting 7 am serum glucose
B) glucose tolerance testing
C) 2-hour postprandial serum glucose
D) HgbA1c
D) HgbA1c
