Endocrinology (Chemistry) Flashcards
A patient has the following test results:
increased serum calcium levels
decreased serum phosphate levels
increased levels of parathyroid hormone
This patient most likely has:
A) hyperparathyroidism
B) hypoparathyroidism
C) nephrosis
D) steatorrhea
A) hyperparathyroidism
TSH is produced by the:
A) hypothalamus
B) pituitary gland
C) adrenal cortex
D) thyroid
B) pituitary gland
A patient has the following thyroid profile:
total T4: decreased
free T4: decreased
thyroid peroxidase antibody: positive
TSH: increased
This patient most probably has:
A) hyperthyroidism
B) hypothyroidism
C) a normal thyroid
D) Graves disease
B) hypothyroidism
A 45 year old woman complains of fatigue, heat intolerance and hair loss. Total and free T4 are abnormally low. If the TSH showed marked elevation, this would be consistent with:
A) Graves disease
B) an adenoma of the thyroid
C) thyrotoxicosis
D) primary hypothyroidism
D) primary hypothyroidism
The majority of thyroxine (T4) is converted into the more biologically active hormone:
A) thyroglobulin
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C) triiodothyronine (T3)
D) thyrotropin-releasing hormone
C) triiodothyronine (T3)
A 2 year old child with a decreased serum T4 is described as being somewhat dwarfed, stocky, overweight, and having coarse features. Of the following, the most informative additional laboratory test would be the serum:
A) thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C) triiodothyronine (T3)
D) cholesterol
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Assays for free T4 measure hormone not bound to thyroxine-binding prealbumin, thyroxine-binding globulin and:
A) thyrotropin-releasing hormone
B) albumin
C) free T3
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) albumin
The recommended initial thyroid function test for either a healthy, asymptomatic patient or patient with symptoms which may be related to a thyroid disorder is:
A) free thyroxine (free T4)
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C) total thyroxine (T4)
D) triiodothyronine (T3)
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
The screening test for congenital hypothyroidism is based upon:
A) free T4 level in the newborn
B) thyroid-binding globulin level in the newborn
C) thyroid-releasing hormone level in the newborn
D) total thyroxine (T4) level in the newborn
D) total thyroxine (T4) level in the newborn
Which one of the following sets of results is consistent with primary hypothyroidism, (eg, Hashimoto thyroiditis):
Patient A:
TSH: decreased
T4 (free thyroxine): decreased
Antimicrosomal antibody: positive
Patient B:
TSH: increased
T4 (free thyroxine): increased
Antimicrosomal antibody: positive
Patient C:
TSH: normal
T4 (free thyroxine): decreased
Antimicrosomal antibody: negative
Patient D:
TSH: increased
T4 (free thyroxine): decreased
Antimicrosomal antibody: positive
A) Patient A
B) Patient B
C) Patient C
D) Patient D
D) Patient D
A 68 year old female patient tells her physician of being “cold all the time” and recent weight gain, with no change in diet. The doctor orders a TSH level, and the laboratory reports a value of 8.7 uU/mL (8.7 IU/L) (reference range = 0.5-5.0 uU/mL [0.5-5.0 IU/L]). This patient most likely has:
A) primary hypothyroidism
B) Graves disease
C) a TSH-secreting tumor
D) primary hyperthyroidism
A) primary hypothyroidism
Which of the following is secreted by the placenta and used for the early detection of pregnancy?
A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
C) luteinizing hormone (LH)
D) progesterone
B) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
During pregnancy, the form of estrogen that predominates and may be useful in prenatal screening is:
A) estradiol
B) estriol
C) estrone
D) pregnanediol
B) estriol
The hormone that triggers ovulation is:
A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B) luteinizing hormone (LH)
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
B) luteinizing hormone (LH)
During a normal pregnancy, quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels peak how many weeks after the last menstrual period?
A) 2-4
B) 8-10
C) 14-16
D) 18-20
B) 8-10
Which of the following steroids is an adrenal cortical hormone?
A) angiotensinogen
B) aldosterone
C) epinephrine
D) growth hormone
B) aldosterone
What common substrate is used in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens?
A) cortisol
B) catecholamines
C) progesterone
D) cholesterol
D) cholesterol
The biologically most active, naturally occurring androgen is:
A) androstenedione
B) cortisol
C) epiandrosterone
D) testosterone
D) testosterone
Plasma for cortisol determinations were collected at 7 am, after waking the patient, and at 10 pm that evening. The cortisol level of the morning sample was higher than the evening sample. This is consistent with:
A) a normal finding
B) Cushing sundorme
C) Addison Disease
D) hypopituitaism
A) a normal finding
The major action of angiotension II is:
A) increased pituitary secretion of vasopressin
B) increased vasoconstriction
C) increased parathormone secretion by the parathyroid
D) decreased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
B) increased vasoconstriction
The urinary excretion product measured as an indicator of epinephrine production is:
A) dopamine
B) dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)
C) homovanillic acid
D) vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
D) vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
Test methodology for monitoring parathyroid glandular function in diagnosis of hypo- or hyperparathyroidism should be focused on assessing:
A) intact PTHrP molecule
B) the C-terminal PTH
C) intact PTH amino acids 1-84
D) N-terminal PTH amino acids 1-7
C) intact PTH amino acids 1-84
The most common form (95%) of conenital adrenal hyperplasia is 21-hydroxylase deficiency which is detected by elevated plasma:
A) cortisol
B) aldosterone
C) 17-OH-progesterone
D) 11-deoxycortisol
C) 17-OH-progesterone
A diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency requires demonstration of:
A) decreased urinary 17-keto- and 17-hydrozysteroids
B) decreased cortisol production
C) impaired response to ACTH stimulation
D) increased urincary cortisol excretion after metyrapone
C) impaired response to ACTH stimulation
