General Anesthetics Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of Anaesthetics?
Main site is reticular formation (maintains consciousness)
Other include
1. GABA(A) receptor to inhibit GABA
2. Inhibit nicotinic receptors
3. Antagonism of excitatory glutamic acid on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
4. Strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor
What’s the relationship between onset of anesthesia and partial pressure of gas?
Direct. The higher the partial pressure, the faster the onset of anesthesia
What’s the relationship between blood solubility and onset of anesthesia?
Indirect. The greater the solubility in blood, the slower the onset of anesthesia.
Relation between onset of anesthesia and ventilation?
Direct. The greater the ventilation, the greater the onset of anaesthesia.
Relation between pulmonary blood flow and onset of anesthesia?
Indirect. The higher the pulmonary blood flow, the slower the onset of anaesthesia.
The rate of recovery from anesthesia is greater in low or high blood gas solubility?
Low blood gas solubility
What’s the relationship between MAC and potency
Indirect. The greater the mac, the less potent.
Which inhalation Anesthetics decrease cardiac output?
- Enflurane
- Halothane
Which inhaled anesthetics cause peripheral vasodilation?
- Sevoflurane
- Desflurane
- Isoflurane
Which anesthetic is a pulmonary irritant and may cause bronchospasm?
Desflurane
Toxicities of inhaled anesthetics?
- Hepatitis
- Renal insufficiency
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Milagnant hyperthermia
What drug is used to treat malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene
What is the name of the prodrug of propofol? Which enzyme converts it to propofol?
- Fospropofol
- Alkaline phosphatase
Respiratory depression caused by opioids can be reversed by what?
Naloxone
What is etomidate?
Imidazole derivative with minimal change in cardiac and respiratory rate and has a short duration of action.
Prolonged administration of etomidate can lead to suppression of what?
Adrenal suppression
Name an alpha 2- adrenergic agonist used for general anesthesia that decreases dosage requirement for both inhaled and IV anesthesia.
Dexmedetomidine
Name the barbiturates used as anesthetics.
Thiopental
Methohexital
Thioamylal
Which benzodiazepine is used as an anesthetic?
Midazolam
What is the mechanism of action if dissociative anesthetic, ketamine?
Blocks excitation by gultamate at NMDA receptors.
Name an anesthetic drug from the subclass imidazole.
Etomidate
Which opioids can be used for general anesthesia?
- Fentanyl
- Alfentanil
- Femifentanil
- Morphine
Which phenols are used for general anaesthesia?
- Propofol
- Fosoprpofol
Thiopentone sodium is used for what?
- Anti convulsants
- Anesthesia
- Narcoanalysis in psychiatry
What are the adverse effects of thiopentone sodium?
- Acute intermittent porphyria
- Gangrene of the arm
- Laryngospasm
Uses of ketamine in preanesthetic medication?
- Relieve pre and post operative pain
- Reduce anxiety
- Reduce saliva, to prevent vagal bradycardia
- Prevent vomiting
- Prevent stress ulcers
