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Pharamcology > Antiseizure Drugs > Flashcards

Antiseizure Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name the water-soluble prodrug form of phenytoin used parenterally.

A

Fosphenytoin

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2
Q

Valproic acid inhibits the metabolism of which drugs?

A
  1. Carbamazepine
  2. Ethosuximide
  3. Phenytoin
  4. Phenobarbital
  5. Lamotrigine
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3
Q

Which drugs are eliminated by the kidney largely in uncharged form?

A
  1. Gabapentin
  2. Pregabalin
  3. Levetiracetam
  4. Vigabatrin
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4
Q

What are the of mechanisms of action for anti seizure drugs?

A
  1. Sodium channel blockers
  2. GABA related targets
  3. Glutamate synapse
  4. Calcium channel blockers
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5
Q

Which drugs are used for tonic-clonic seizures?

A
  1. Valproic acid
  2. Carbamazepine
  3. Pheytoin
  4. Phenobarbital
  5. Lamotrigine, levetiracetam, lacosamide, topiramate
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6
Q

Name drugs used for focal (partial) seizures

A
  1. Carbamazepine
  2. Lamotrigine
  3. Phenytoin
  4. Phenobarbital
  5. Valproic acid
  6. Others
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7
Q

Drugs for absence seizures

A
  1. Ethosuximide
  2. Valproic acid
  3. Clonazepam
  4. Others
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8
Q

Drugs used for myoglobin and atypical absence syndrome

A
  1. Valproic acid
  2. Others
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9
Q

Drugs used for status epilepticus

A
  1. IV diazepam or lorazepam (short term)
  2. IV Phenytoin (long term)
  3. Fesophytoin
  4. Phenobarbital
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10
Q

Other uses of anti seizure drugs?

A
  1. Bipolar disorder
  2. Migraine
  3. Pain of Neuropathic origin
  4. Trigeminal neuroglia
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11
Q

What are the risks of taking anticonvulsants during pregnancy?

A
  1. Congenital malformations
  2. Neuronal tube defects
  3. Spina bifida
  4. Cranofacial anomalies
  5. Fetal hydantoin syndrome
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12
Q

What are the toxicities of anti seizure drugs?

A
  1. Teratogenicity
  2. CNS and respiratory depression
  3. Withdrawal
  4. Hepatic toxicity
  5. Steven Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis
  6. Aplastic Anemia
  7. Skin rashes
  8. Hypertrophy of gingiva
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13
Q

Withdrawal from which anti seizure drug is easiest?

A

Ethosuximide

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14
Q

Which anti seizure drug causes behavioural changes?

A
  1. Ethosuximide
  2. Perampanel
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15
Q

Which anti seizure drug causes aplastic anemia ?

A

Felbamate

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16
Q

Which drugs cause nystagmus?

A

1.Gabapentin
2. Phenytoin

17
Q

Which drugs cause Steven Johnson syndrome?

A

1.Carbamazepine
2. Lamotrigine
3. Zonisamide

18
Q

Which drugs causes pigment discolouration of retina and skin?

A

Retigabine (ezogabine)

19
Q

What are the toxic effects of phenytoin?

A
  1. Nystagmus
  2. Diplopia
  3. Gingival hyperplasia
  4. Hirsutism
  5. Anemias
  6. Peripheral neuropathy
  7. Osteoporosis
  8. Induction of hepatic drug metabolism
20
Q

Toxicities of Valproic acid?

A
  1. Drowsiness
  2. Tremor
  3. Hair loss
  4. Weight loss
  5. Hepatotoxicity
  6. Inhibition if hepatic drug metabolism
  7. Nausea
21
Q

Which drug causes gingival hyperplasia?

A

Phenytoin due to defect in collagen catabolism

22
Q

Name GABA derivative drugs?

A
  1. Gabapentin
  2. Pregabalin
  3. Vigabatrin
23
Q

Which drugs binds to synaptic protein SV2A?

A

Levetiracetam

24
Q

Which drug activates K+ channels?

A

Retigabine

25
Q

What are the clinical applications of rufinamide?

A

Focal seizures
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

26
Q

Name miscellaneous anti seizure drugs?

A
  1. Valproate
  2. Lacosmide
  3. Lamotrigine
  4. Levetiracetam
  5. Perampanel
  6. Retigabine
  7. Rifunamide
  8. Tiagabine
  9. Topiramate
  10. Zonisamide
27
Q

Which drugs inhibit the metabolism of phenytoin?

A
  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Isoniazid
  3. Warfarin
28
Q

Which drugs inhibit carbamazepine metabolism?

A

Isoniazid
Erythromycin

29
Q

Which drug inhibits metabolism of Ethosuximide

30
Q

Which drugs are involved in sodium channel blocking?

A
  1. Phenytoin and fesophenytoin
  2. Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine
  3. Valproate
  4. Lamotrigine
  5. Topiramate
  6. Zonisamide
  7. Lacosamide

Pharamcology (15 decks)

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