Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Innumology > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Gram Positive Cell Wall has:_______________

Which aids____________ and is therefore a virulence factor

A

Lipoteichoic acid (LTC)

Which aids adherence to target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gram negative cells contain _______________ in the LPS, which is an ______________

A

Lipid A

Endotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gram- negative cell walls have __________________which are not found on gram positives

A

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LPS are found in Gram___________ membranes

The function is ________

A

Gram negative outer membranes

Function = structural integrity + evasion of chemical attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

LPS __________________ of the cell membrane, and helps stabilize the overall structure

A

Increases the negative charge

-requires association of divalent cations to stabilize change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gram (-) molecular domains are _________, __________, and _______.

A

Lipid A:

The core:

The O-antigen:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Lipid A - what is it made up of

A

A phosphorylated glucosamine disaccharide and fatty acids

Conserved component of the LPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the core (gram (-))

A

Attaches directly to Lipid A
KDO - sugar of the core
Mostly carbohydrate but can contain a.a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the O-antigen

A
  • attached to core oligosaccharide
  • outermost domain of LPS
  • varies between strains
  • target for host antibodies (BUT HIGHLY VARIABLE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Smooth vs. Rough LPS

A 
Smooth = long o-antigen 
Rough= short o-antigen

-rough LPS usually more sensitive to hydrophobic antibiotics
Eg. Kanamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TLR 4 recognizes

A

LPS in Gram (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TLR 6 recognizes

A

PG in Gram (+)
Lipotheichoic acid
Lipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_______ and _________ affect Rab GTPase

A

TB and E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Effluent pumps

A 
ABC superfamily 
MFS -major facilitation subfamily 
MATE-multidrug and toxic compounds extrusion fam
SMR-Small multi drug resistance
RND-resistant nodule superfamily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gyrase mutation resists?

A

Fluroquinolons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Small ribosomal subunit mutation resists?

A

Streptomycin

17
Q

Example of covalent modification by bacteria of antibiotic

A

Acetyl tramsferases

18
Q

Example of degradation of antibiotics by bacteria

A

beta lactamases cleave and inactivate penicillin and derivatives

19
Q

3 types resistance sharing

  • which needs similar sequence
  • which needs most similar bacteria
A

Transformation -similar sequence, least related bacteria

Transduction-phage

Conjugation-most commonality btwn bacteria (same spp.)
No similar sequence needed

20
Q

MDR

A

Multi drug resistant

21
Q

XDR

A

Extensively drug resistant

22
Q

PDR

A

Pan drug resistance

23
Q

Narrow spec. Antibiotics

A

Arythromycin
Erythromycin
Vancomycin

24
Q

Broad spec. Antibiotics

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

25
Q

P. aeruginosa when does it infect

What does it infect

A
  • opportunistic pathogen
  • in immunology com. Patience
  • UTI and reps infection
26
Q

Defending resistance

A
  • D-alanine mod in gram pos increase net charge
  • increase charge in LPS
  • produce peptides or associate and neutralize AMPS
  • Efflux pump AMPs/ or protyolitically degrade them
  • produce pos membrane associated proteins
27
Q

AMPs 5 main classes

A 
Alpha-helictites.  -in macrophage/lysosome
Beta-sheet
Mix alpha/beta
Cyclic.                 -Kalata B2
Extended
28
Q

CT Lipid A mod

A

Diglycine added

29
Q

Yersina Lipid A modification

A

Hexa in humans

30
Q

Helictobacter pylori Lipid A mod

A

Phosphorylated ethanolamine C1
Dephosphorylated
Two fewer lipid tails

31
Q

L. Monocytogene PG

A
  • glucosamine instead of acetylglucosamine

- deacytlated by PgdA enzyme

32
Q

NOD2 -recognized

A

Gram - and +

MurNAc-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu

33
Q

NOD 1 recognized

A

Gram -

iE-DAP

34
Q

TLR 4 recognizes

A

Gram -

35
Q

TLR 6 recognized

A

Gram +

36
Q

Gram pos PG has

A

pentaglyice

37
Q

Cros-linkage in PG occurs at

A

Lactic Acid residue in in NAM

Innumology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions