General

Question 1

What are the Five Freedoms?

Answer 1

1.) The Privilege to OVERFLY WITHOUT LANDING
2.) The Privilege to LAND FOR NON-COMMERCIAL REASONS
3.) The privilege to put down passengers, mail and cargo TAKEN ON IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REGISTRATION OF THE AIRCRAFT
4.) The privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo BOUND FOR THE TERRITORY OF REGISTRATION OF THE AIRCRAFT
5.) The privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo destined for the territory of any OTHER CONTRACTING STATE and to put down passengers, mail and cargo coming from such territory.

Question 2

What is freedom number 1?

Answer 2

1.) The Privilege to OVERFLY WITHOUT LANDING

Question 3

What is freedom number 2?

Answer 3

2.) The Privilege to LAND FOR NON-COMMERCIAL REASONS

Question 4

What is freedom number 3?

Answer 4

3.) The privilege to put down passengers, mail and cargo TAKEN ON IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REGISTRATION OF THE AIRCRAFT

Question 5

What is freedom number 4?

Answer 5

4.) The privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo BOUND FOR THE TERRITORY OF REGISTRATION OF THE AIRCRAFT

Question 6

What is freedom number 5?

Answer 6

5.) The privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo destined for the territory of any OTHER CONTRACTING STATE and to put down passengers, mail and cargo coming from such territory.

Question 7

What is Cabotage?

Answer 7

A state shall have the right to refuse permission to the aircraft of other contracting states to take on in its territory passengers, mail and cargo carried for renumeration or hire and destined for anther point within its territory.
Each contracting state undertakes not to enter into any arrangements which specifically grant any such privilege on an exclusive basis to any. Other state, or an airline of any other contracting state, and not to obtain any such exclusive privilege form another state.

Question 8

How has BREXIT impacted ATS in the UK?

Answer 8

UK Adopted all European Documents that were In force at the time we left the EU.
Retained EU Law Statutory Instrument 645/2019

Question 9

Brexit affecting UK Air Law?

Answer 9

We adopted all (most) EU Lawa that were in force when we left
The amendments that apply from 1 January 2021 do not fundamentally change any of those obligations or rights but deal only with the fact that the UK is no longer part of the EU legal system.

Question 10

What are the Annexes to the Convention?

Answer 10

The Annexes contain the International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs)

adopted by the Council with a two thirds majority.

Question 11

What is an EU Regulation?

Answer 11

A binding legislative act. Applied in its entirety across the EU

Question 12

What is an EU Directive?

Answer 12

A legislative act that sets out a goal that all EU countries must achieve.
Up to the individual countries to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals.

Question 13

What are the 3 main levels of Regulatory material used In the EASA system?

Answer 13

The Regulation/ Implementing Regulations (‘HARD LAW’) ,
- Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material (‘soft law’);
-Certification Specifications (‘soft law’)

Question 14

What Documents are issued by ICAO?

Answer 14

DOC 7300 convention of International Civil Aviation. Annexes to the Convention. (with SARPs)
- DOC 4444: PANS.RAC/Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services.
- DOC 8400: PANS.ABC/ICAO Abbreviations and Codes.
- DOC 8168: PANS.OPS/Operations of Aircraft.
- DOC 7030: Regional Supplementary Procedures.
- Reports of the Technical Divisions of the ANC.
- Information Circulars.
- Training Manuals

Question 15

What are PANS?

Answer 15

Procedures for Air Navigation Services

Procedures drawn up for world use by the Divisions and approved by the Council.
Supplementary to the appropriate Annexes.
Doc 4444 – Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services is the document used in ATC.

Question 16

What is ICAO Doc 4444?

Answer 16

(Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Air Traffic Management).
These are complementary to SARPs in Annex 2 and 11.
Supplemented by Doc 7030.
Specify in more detail than SARPs the actual procedures for ATSUs to apply.

Question 17

What topics are covered in Doc 4444?

Answer 17

Safety Management.
- ATS capacity and Flow management.
- Provisions for ATS.
- Separation Methods.
- Procedures for Aerodrome Control
-ATS surveillance
-Flight Information and Alerting services
-Coordination / Phraseology.
- ADS/CPDLC.
-Emergencies.

Question 18

What is ICAO Regional Supplementary Procedures Doc 7030?

Answer 18

The Regional Supplementary Procedures do not have the same status as SARP’s.
PANS are approved by the President of the Council of ICAO on behalf of the Council and SUPPS are approved by the Council;

Question 19

What is Hard Law & Soft Law?

Answer 19

Hard Law - Regulations, (binding rules)

Soft Law - non-binding standards

Question 20

What is an EU Decision?

Answer 20

Binding on those to whom it is addressed (e.g. an EU country or an individual company) Is directly
applicable.

Question 21

What is an EU recommendation?

Answer 21

Non-binding.
Allows the institutions to make their views known & to suggest a line of action without imposing any legal obligation on those to whom it is addressed.

Question 22

What is an EU Opinion?

Answer 22

Allows the institutions to make a statement in a non-binding fashion, in other words without
imposing any legal obligation on those to whom it is addressed. Not binding. While laws are being
made, the committees give opinions from their specific regional or economic and social viewpoint.

Question 23

What is meant by differences in procedures?

Answer 23

These are methods of a competent authority to refrain from adopting certain regulation
requirements for a period whilst seeking an alternative means. Such derogations are time limited
and an alternative must be sought. Furthermore, EU has filed differences between the EU regulation
923/2012 and the ICAO Standards on behalf of all EU member states. Member states repeat these in
their own AIP Gen 1.7