Airspace/ATS Routes Flashcards
What is an ATZ?
Aerodrome Traffic Zone
Airspace of defined dimensions established around an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic.
Dimensions of an ATZ?
Surface to 2000’ AGL with a radius of 2Nm centred on the midpoint of the longest RWY (less than
1850m).
If RWY is longer than 1850m, this is extended to 2.5nm
What is a CONTROL ZONE? (CTR)
Controlled airspace which extends UPWARDS FROM THE SURFACE.
Extend to at least 5Nm from the CENTRE of the aerodrome
What is a CTA?
Control Area
Controlled airspace which extends upwards from a notified altitude or flight level
Cant be from the surface!
What is a TMA?
Terminal Control Area
A Control area established at the Meeting of ATS routes
- can be in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes.
- May encompass a CTA (Control Area)
What is an Airway?
A control area or portion thereof established in
the form of a CORRIDOR.
What other TYPE of routes exist?
- CDR - Conditional Route
- DRA - Direct Route Airspace- evolving to Free.
Route Airspace operations. - TSA - Temporary Segregated Area
- TRA - Temporary Reserved Area
- RMZ - Radio Mandatory Zone
- TMZ - Transponder Mandatory/Zone
What is DRA?
Direct Route Airspace
Where ATS routes are removed at levels indicated in AIP and is part of the evolution to Free Route Airspace operations.
What is an RMZ?
Radio Mandatory Zone
Airspace of defined dimensions wherein the carriage and operation of radio equipment is mandatory.
What should AC do before and during entering an RMZ?
- Establish two-way communication before entering the RMZ
- Maintain a continuous monitoring of air-ground frequency
(voice communication watch)
If an AC cannot establish two way radio communications to enter an RMZ what should it do?
Remain outside
If unable to establish two-way radio communication with the designated ANSP the pilot is to remain outside the RMZ
What is considered to be 2 way radio communication?
Two-way comms are considered to be achieved when the following have been passed;
- Callsign
- A/C Type
- Position
- Level
- Flight rules
- Intentions
- and has received acknowledgement from ATC
What is a TMZ?
Transponder Mandatory Zone (TMZ)
Airspace of defined dimensions within which aircraft are required to carry and operate a
Mode S SSR transponder
How is Airspace classified?
Controlled Airspace
- A, B, C, D, E
Advisory Airspace
- F
Other Airspace (Uncontrolled Airspace)
-G
What is the rule where ATS Airspace adjoin vertically?
Aircraft shall follow rules of the LESS restrictive class of Airspace.
Can Aircraft fly in formation?
Aircraft shall NOT be flown in formation EXCEPT;
by pre-arrangement among the pilots-in-command and, in controlled airspace (Red Arrows)
When may formation fly in Controlled Airspace?
In accordance with the conditions prescribed by the CAA which include:
- One of the pilots-in-command is flight leader.
- OPERATES AS A SINGLE AIRCRAFT with regard to reporting.
Separation between each AC
-shall be responsibility of the flight leader and other pilots.
What parameters are set for a formation to be considered as one speaking unit?
For state (military) aircraft, separation according to Chicago convention a distance NOT exceeding;
- 0.5 nm (1km) laterally and longitudinally
- 100ft (30m) vertically from the flight leader
How does a formation impact ATS?
ATSU’s treat formations as a single unit for separation purposes.
(“Red Flight”)
Which organisation regulates aircraft dropping or spraying?
States national authority (CAA)
and in accordance with;
- union/national legislation
- ATC clearance
Class A Airspace
IFR Only (VFR not permitted)
Separation between all Flights
Must have ATC Clearance
Maintain 2 way Comms at all times
(No Speed Limit)
Class B Airspace
IFR & VFR Allowed
Separation between all Flights
Must have ATC Clearance
Maintain 2 way Comms at all times
No Speed Limit
(Not in the UK)
Class C Airspace
IFR & VFR Allowed
Separation between IFR /IFR and IFR/VFR
- VFR/VFR - Traffic Info (Avoidance on RQ)
Must have ATC Clearance
Maintain 2 way Comms at all times
Speed Limit VFR IAS 250Kts under 10,000ft
Class D Airspace
IFR & VFR Allowed
Separation between IFR /IFR
- IFR/VFR - Traffic Info (vice versa) (avoidance)
- VFR/VFR - Traffic Info (Avoidance on RQ)
Must have ATC Clearance
Maintain 2 way Comms at all times
Speed Limit
- All flight IAS 250Kts under 10,000ft
Class E Airspace
IFR & VFR Allowed
Separation between IFR /IFR
- VFR/VFR & IFR/VFR - Traffic Info (Avoidance on RQ)
IFR must have ATC Clearance
IFR must have Radio Comms
Speed Limit - all flights IAS 250Kts under 10,000ft
Class F Airspace
Advisory Service to PARTICIPATING flights
IFR & VFR Allowed
ATC Clearance NOT required
All flights receive FIS if requested
Radio Comms required for IFR
Speed Limit - ALL flights IAS 250Kts under 10,000ft
Class G Airspace
IFR & VFR flights Allowed
FIS Available is requested
IFR must have Radio Comms
ATC clearance is not required.
Speed Limit - all flights IAS 250Kts under 10,000ft
What classes are controlled?
A, B, C, D, E
Other Airspace
Class G
What is Class F Airspace?
Advisory Airspace
What info do ATCOs need to provide an ATC service?
- Intended movement of each aircraft,
- The actual progress of each aircraft.
- The relative positions of known aircraft to each other;
- Issue clearances and information for the purpose
of preventing collision between aircraft under its control - expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of traffic;
- Coordinate clearances as necessary with other units:
- Whenever an aircraft might otherwise conflict with traffic operated under the control of such other units;
- Before transferring control of an aircraft to such other units
Where is ADS provided?
Provided within advisory airspace/routes where Air Traffic Control is insufficient, to ensure
separation, in so far as practical, between aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans
Where is an FIS provided?
Provided to aircraft which are likely to be AFFECTED by the information and which are:
- A/CPROVIDED with air traffic control service
- Otherwise KNOWN to the relevant air traffic services units
What info is provided under a FIS?
- SIGMET and AIRMET information;
- Information concerning pre-eruption volcanic activity,
- Information on the atmosphere of radioactive materials or toxic chemicals;
- Information on changes in the availability of radio navigation services;
- Changes in condition of aerodromes and
- Information on the state of the aerodrome movement areas when they are affected by snow, ice or significant depth of water;
- Information on unmanned free balloons
and of - Any information likely to affect safety;
- Weather conditions reported or forecast at
departure, destination and alternate aerodromes; - Collision hazards, to aircraft operating in airspace
Classes C, D, E, F and G;
-info on vessels on water
