Gene Segregation and Interaction

Question 1

2 laws proposed by Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

Law of Independent Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment

Question 2

Genes exist in 2 or more alternative forms called?

Answer 2

alleles

Question 3

GENOTYPE vs PHENOTYPE

Answer 3

G: combination of alleles in an individual
P: manifestation of genotype

Question 4

HOMOZYGOUS vs HETEROZYGOUS genotype

Answer 4

homo: same allele from mother and father found in homologous pair
hetero: mother and father has diff alleles found in homologous pair

Question 5

Does allele differ from parent chromosome (if from mother or father), or from sister chromatids?

Answer 5

From parent chromosome

so 1 chromosome with 2 sister chromatids have the same allele lagi

Question 6

Consider heterozygous genotype Rr

what will be the alleles present in:

1. anaphase 1
2. anaphase 2

Answer 6

1. R chromosome in one pole; and r chromosome in another pole
2. In R chromosome, sister chromatids, each with R allele, will be separated… same with r chromosome

Question 7

What does the LAW OF INDEPENDENT SEGREGATION state?

Answer 7

the alleles of a gene pair separate completely and cleanly from each other during meiosis

Question 8

What does the LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT state?

Answer 8

the alleles of a gene pair separate completely and cleanly from each other AND randomly combine during meiosis

Question 9

MONOHYBRID CROSS vs DIHYBRID CROSS

Answer 9

MONO: cross between homozygous individuals that are different from each other at ONE GENE LOCUS

DI:cross between 2 homozygous individuals that are different from each other at TWO GENE LOCUS

Question 10

In mendel’s experiment, what character trait of seeds is DOMINANT and RECESSIVE

Answer 10

Dominant: round
Recessive: wrinkled

Question 11

DOMINANT vs RECESSIVE allele

Answer 11

D: manifested in a heterozygote
R: masked allele

Question 12

2 methods of getting the GENOTYPIC RATIO

Answer 12

1. Punnett Square/Checkerboard method (confusing when 2 or more genes are crossed)
2. Branching Method

Question 13

What is a testcross?

Answer 13

a breeding experiment that helps determine an organism’s genotype

Question 14

What is the allele of the ff:

1. Parent Generation
2. F1 Generation
3. F2 Generation

Answer 14

P: RR and rr
F1: Rr
F2: Rr and Rr (cross); 1RR 2Rr 1rr

Question 15

DEFINITION of probability

and formula

Answer 15

the chance an event will occur

Probability of event X = (# of event X in sample)/(sum of event X and Y in sample)

Question 16

2 types of events in a probability set

Answer 16

1. Mutually Exclusive Events (can never take place at the same time)
2. Independent Events (events that can occur simultaneously)

Question 17

How to compute for A GROUP OF EVENTS

and what rule is it based on

Answer 17

SUM RULE OF PROBABILITIES

add lang lahat times 100 to get percentage chance

Question 18

2 techniques in branching method

Answer 18

TEGI - take each gene independently
TEPI - take each phenotype independently