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biology > Gene Regulation Proks > Flashcards

Gene Regulation Proks Flashcards

1
Q

Gene Regulation

A

The level of gene expression can vary under different conditions

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2
Q

Gene regulation is important for:

A

Protein products needed at the right time

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3
Q

What are the two types of regulatory proteins?

A

Repressors and Activators

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4
Q

What do effector molecules do?

A

Bind to regulatory proteins but not DNA

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5
Q

What binds to the promoter?

A

RNA polymerase

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6
Q

Where does the lac repressor protein bind?

A

Operator

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7
Q

What is the CAP site?

A

Where the CAP binds

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8
Q

What are the three structural genes for the lac operon?

A

Lac Z, Lac Y, Lac A

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9
Q

What does Lac Z encode?

A

Beta-galactosidase

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10
Q

What does Lac Y encode?

A

Lactose permease

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11
Q

What does Lac A encode?

A

Galactosidase transacetylaste

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12
Q

What is the organization of the lac operon?

A

CAP site, Promoter, Operator, Lac Z, Lac Y, Lac A, Lac terminator

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13
Q

What is the lac operon regulated by?

A

A repressor protein

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14
Q

Is allolactose an inducer?

A

yes

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15
Q

When is the lac operon repressed?

A

When there is no lactose present. This is because there is nothing to be metabolized

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16
Q

What happens when lactose is present?

A

Allolactose binds to the repressor protein, changing the shape and preventing it from binding to the operator, RNA polymerase can transcribe the protein.

17
Q

What happens if lac repressor cannot bind to the operator?

A

No repressor made, operon is always on.

18
Q

What is the term that described the process of cAMP-CAP complex binding near the cap site and increasing transcription?

A

Catabolite repression

19
Q

How many structural genes are involved in the trp Opeorn?

A

5 (ABCDE)

20
Q

Which genes are involved in Regulation of the trp Operon?

A

trpR and trpL

21
Q

What is the organization of the trp operon?

A

Promoter, Operator, trpL, trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, trpA

22
Q

What happens when there are high levels of tryptophan?

A

Repression occurs. Tryptophan binds to the trp repressor protein, which binds to the operator site, blocking transcription

23
Q

How are genes regulated translationally?

A
  1. Binding next to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and/or the start codon 2. Binding outside the Shine-Dalgarno/ start codon region 3. Antisense RNA
24
Q

What happens when Osmolarity is low?

A

The ompF protein is produced

25
Q

How can the function of proteins be controlled?

A

The covalent modification of their structure

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