Gene Control

Question 1

Regulation

Answer 1

There are factors that regulate the phenotypic expression of the gene

Question 2

Acetyl Tags

Answer 2

Turn genes ‘on and off’. Usually found near active genes, acetyl loosens the interactions between DNA and histones, allowing easier access to the DNA

Question 3

Methyl Tags

Answer 3

Turn genes ‘on and off’. Most often silence genes or keep them turned off, recruit proteins that bind to methylated DNA, which then block transcription machinery from binding

Question 4

Transcription Proteins

Answer 4

A regulatory protein whose function is to activate or inhibit transcription of coding DNA by binding to specific non-coding segments near the gene to be expressed or repressed

Question 5

Transcription Factors (Activate)

Answer 5

Bind to a section of non-coding DNA and unable it to unwind from histone proteins for transcription

Question 6

Transcription Factors (Inhibit)

Answer 6

Bind to a region of DNA and block RNA polymerase from attaching for transcription

Question 7

Regulation of Gene Expression at Translation - mRNA

Answer 7

Binding proteins can attach to non-coding mRNA and block ribosomes from being able to translate it

Question 8

Regulation of Gene Expression at Translation - microRNA

Answer 8

a small non-coding segment of RNA that plays a role in regulating gene expression by base pairing with mRNA, creating a double stranded RNA, preventing translation

Question 9

Developmental Regulatory Genes

Answer 9

These genes activate the genes that put body parts together; start working in early embryonic development, turn genes on and off

Question 10

HOX Genes

Answer 10

Start when the embryo is more developed and control the identity of the body parts, setting up how the body of an organism is organised. HOX genes are homologous in the animal kingdom

Question 11

SRY Gene

Answer 11

Sex determining region of the Y-chromosome, provides instructions for making a protein called the sex-determining region Y protein

Question 12

Sex Determining Region Y Protein

Answer 12

Acts as a transcription factor; binds to specific regions of DNA and helps control activity of particular genes

Question 13

Epigenetics

Answer 13

The study of chemical modifications to gene function that are not due to change in DNA sequences, can be caused by environmental factors and can be passed down generations. These changes can be DNA methylation, histone acetylation, noncoding RNA and post translational modifications