Gene Analysis

Question 1

List reasons for DNA testing

Answer 1

-Forensic science
-Archaeological findings
-Wildlife conservation
-Paternity testing
-Family ancestry
-Disease testing and screening

Question 2

What does PCR stand for

Answer 2

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 3

Explain DNA extraction

Answer 3

Cells are broken open by blending or grinding. Fats and proteins are emulsified by adding detergent or salt. Ethanol is added and the sample is centrifuged to separate DNA from the cell debris. The extracted DNA can be amplified, sequenced and analysed.

Question 4

What is the purpose of PCR

Answer 4

To amplify extracted DNA fragments

Question 5

Applications used for PCR

Answer 5

Gene isolation, sequencing, cloning, mapping mutations, studying gene expression, diagnostic testing

Question 6

Explain the start of the PCR process

Answer 6

Temperature changes within a machine start DNA replication using primers - fragments are doubled each cycle

Question 7

List the 3 stages of the PCR process

Answer 7

1. Denaturing
2. Annealing
3. Extension

Question 8

What tools are used in gene extraction

Answer 8

PCR machine, DNA polymerase, primers and nucleotides and sometimes fluorescent probes are also used

Question 9

How long does the PCR process take

Answer 9

2-4 hours

Question 10

How do you check the results of the PCR

Answer 10

Using gel electrophoresis