Gender theory inequalities

Question 1

Black feminsim

Answer 1

Brewer
Abbort et al
Yuval- Davies

Question 2

functionalism

Answer 2

Murdock
Parsons
Rastogi

Question 3

Murdock

Answer 3

Functionalism
women are located in the home because of their biological functions of bearing children their physique means they are less able than men to perform strenuous tasks. This gender division of labour and is event in all societies.

Question 4

Parsons

Answer 4

functional
men - instrumental role -more practical role, bread winner.
women - express role -and caring roles , house wives

explains men and women’s different experience in the labour market and public sphere

Question 5

Rastogi

Answer 5

functionalism
sees human capital as ‘knowledge’ competency , attitude and behaviour embedded in an induvial and work experience.
men work ortered and committed to their jobs
women - home makers

women develop lower levels of human capital
pay gap is justified due to less capital

Question 6

New right

Answer 6

Murray
Dennis and Erdos
Schlafly

Question 7

Murray

Answer 7

New right 
Targets single mum and blames working class and underclass women for their own position suggest a cycle of deprivation 

• advocates the nuclear
• blames single parent mother
• it is a function for women to fulfil the housewife role

Question 8

Dennis and Erdos

Answer 8

New right

Says fatherless children are less likely to be successfully socialized into the culture of discipline.

Question 9

Schlafly

Answer 9

New right
Response to feminist.
Marriage and motherhood have their trials and tribulations but what lifestyle does not? … the flight from home is a flight from self , from responsibility , from the nature of women , n the pursuit of false hopes and fading fantasies

Question 10

Marxist

Answer 10

Engles

Question 11

Engles

Answer 11

Suggested that women’s subordinate positions is a result of the ownership of private property and the development of the nuclear family that went with it.

Key argument is the exploited relationship that occurs between the bourgeoisie and proletariat., which is translated into the household in relationships between men and women.

Question 12

Radical feminist

Answer 12

Stanko
Adkins
Millet
Johnson

Question 13

Stanko

Answer 13

Radical feminism
Says sexual harrsment in the workplace is used to keep women in their place
Men use their power in the workplace to protect their positions.
Bar work and secretarial work are sexualsied.

Question 14

Adkins

Answer 14

radical feminism
Studied gendered division of labour at an amusement park.

Horizontal and vertical segregation in the workplace disadvantaged the roles of women. In theme parks, males worked as ride operators whilst women worked in catering. In these roles, women faced regular sexual harassment from other staff and customers.

Question 15

Millet

Answer 15

radical feminist
Men had more power over women due to there biological factors ( women who were frequently pregnant can not make the same contributions to society ) but modern technology created the pill meaning men can no longer legitimate their power

Question 16

Johnson

Answer 16

radical feminist
Explains violence is a result of patriarchal traditions of men’s rights to control their women.
Patriarchal terrosim
Involves violence, economic subordination and isolation

Question 17

Marxist feminist

Answer 17

feeley
Benston
Ansley
Beechey

Question 18

Feeley

Answer 18

Marxist feminism
The family is designed to teach passivity not rebellion

Women socialise family members to accept traditional gender roles and that it is natural for them to take these roles

Question 19

Benston

Answer 19

Marxist feminism
The unpaid domestic labour supports a capitalist system

If women were paid it for their contribution to the hose and domestic jobs there would be a huge realistubition of wealth which the ruling don’t want

Question 20

Ansley

Answer 20

Marxist feminism
Women act as a a safety value as women are the ‘takers of shit’

Husbands let out there anger on there wvies after being exploited all day.

Wives take this like a ‘sponge’

If every worker has a sponge then it will aid to the false class consciousness

Question 21

Beechey

Answer 21

Marxist feminism
Women are cheap reserved labour , brought in during economic booms and thrown out during slumps

• creates competition
• reduces the wage for all workers
• reduces the wage and increase the rate of exploitation

Question 22

Liberal feminist

Answer 22

Oakley

Mcrobbie

Question 23

Oakley

Answer 23

Liberal feminism
Manipulations - encouraging or discouraging gender appropriate behaviour

Canalisation - parents directing children’s interests into certain toys and plays

Verbal appellation
Parents using stereotypical femine and mascuine description

domestic activites

Question 24

McRobbie

Answer 24

Liberal Feminist
Cult of femininity and bedroom culture

Girls stick together and hide in the privacy of there rooms to prevent them from being harassed by males

Girls have the girl best friend as it is more appealing to males

Question 25

Brewer

Answer 25

Black feminist

Black women are more discriminate against because they are women, black and working class ( triple systems theory)

Question 26

Yuval - Davies

Answer 26

Black feminist
Critieses feminism and says
It is ethnocentric
All experiences talked about are from white middle class people who do not experience the same type of dricrimnation

Question 27

Abbort et al

Answer 27

Women experiences derived from white perspectives and priorities.

White feminists have been able to speak on behalf of black women

Question 28

Post feminist

Answer 28

Walby

Hakim

Question 29

Walby

Answer 29

Post feminism
Concept triple system of oppression , ( supported black feminism )

Evolved from private patriarchy and public patriarchy ( the public sphere)

Six patriarchy structures

Paid employment 
The household 
The state 
Cultural institutions 
Sexuality 
Violence

Question 30

Hakim

Answer 30

Post feminism
Unfair employment practices but they hae prefenes and make rational choices in terms if the type of work they do

Home centrued
Adaptive
Work centered

Question 31

Weberian

Answer 31

Weber
Barron and Norris
The electoral commission - political activism gap

Question 32

Weber

Answer 32

Weberian
Status
Concept - occupational segregation -
Horizontal segregation - difference in the number of males and females present across different occupations e.g nurses more women , architects more male

Individuals choices career that reflect there gender

-Individual difference ( human capital theory)
-Individual career choices
-Discrimination by emoplyers
-Barriers within organization
Vertical segregation - mens dominate of the highest ranking jobs
The glass ceiling , leaky pipeline, concrete ceiling

Meh have hidden advantages
gender stereotypes (en natural leaders)
The way women are often seen as making emotional choes ]views about women being a child bearer

Question 33

Barron norris

Answer 33

Weberian
Dual labour market, which can be use to explain women’s employment pattens
-primary labour market - highly paid , high status, job security
-secondary labour market- lower paid, lower status, less security

Question 34

the electoral commission - political activism gap

Answer 34

Women are less likely to parachute in the election than men

• women with children are less likely to vote
• women in marriages are less likely to vote compared to men in marriage

Question 35

Postmodern

Answer 35

Skeggs

Faludi

Question 36

Skeggs

Answer 36

postmodern
Society is now too divied to talk about patarachy and men and women there are no longer different types of feminism and masculinities.

Women are too divided by class , gender, ethnicity and ages for these concepts to be useful

Question 37

Faludi

Answer 37

Feminist balcklash and the younger generation do not want to talk about the ‘f’ word.
Says that people believe ‘ women have got it good now’ women have more choices and freedom and it males who is more likely to suffer from inequality.