Gender // Sexual and Gender Identities

Question 1

what is Archers study

Answer 1

• Nike identity ; conflict between w/c feminine identity and school values as girls gain symbolic capital from peers by performing w/c identity
• school withholds educational capital and economic capital from m/c careers due to w/c identity
• w/c feminine identity = hyper heterosexual, having boyfriends being loud

Question 2

what is Evans study

Answer 2

-w/c girls wanted to go to uni to help families not themselves and self excluded from elite unis as they were too far from their home and families

Question 3

what are the 4 ways pupils school experience can affect gender identity

Answer 3

verbal abuse
male peer groups
teachers and discipline
the male gaze

Question 4

give 2 studies that support verbal abuse as an explanation how school affects gender identities

Answer 4

• Parker ; boys labelled gay if they have too many female friends
• Lees ; boys boast sexual exploits and gain male status while teachers ignore and girls are punished for the same by being called slags (patriarchal )

Question 5

say how male peer groups explain how schools impact gender identities using a study

Answer 5

-Mac an Ghaill; range of school subcultures :
Macho Lads -hostile to authority and learning
Academic Achievers - usually from skilled w/c backgrounds dealt with abuse by confusing bullies or deliberately behaving effeminate
New Enterprisers - rejected traditional academic curriculum and embraced new vocationalism

Question 6

evaluate male peer groups (Mac an Ghaill)

Answer 6

-study was small scale ethnographic account ; not representative and can’t generalise

Question 7

how and who links verbal abuse and male peer groups together

Answer 7

-Epstein and Willis ; anti school subcultures who see academic students as gay or effeminate call w/c academic boys dickhead achievers but not m/c academic boys

Question 8

say how teachers and discipline explain how school impacts gender identity (using 2 theorists )

Answer 8

• Hayward ; male teachers told off boys for behaving like girls and teased them for achieving lower marks than girls
• Askew and Ross ; male teachers treated female staff diff by stepping into behaviour disputes

Question 9

say how the male gaze explains how school impacts gender identity (using a study)

Answer 9

-Mac an Ghaill ; MG= seeing girls as sexual objects and is a form of surveillance in which dominant masculinity is reinforced and femininity devalued via telling stories of sexual conquest those who don’t join in are GAY

Question 10

evaluate the male gaze (Mac an Ghaill)

Answer 10

-also applicable to girls who tell stories of sexual conquest and focuses on w/c rather than m/c