Educational Policies Flashcards
list as many polices as you can that promote equality of opportunity (11)
- compensatory education
- EMA (edu maintenance allowance)
- EAZ (edu action zones)
- GIST / WISE
- comprehensive schools
- sure start
- faith schools
- state schools
- catchment areas
- aim higher
- vocational education
list as many policies as you can that promote marketisation (12)
- pupil premium
- formula funding
- free schools
- league tables
- national curriculum
- OFSTED
- tripartite system /grammar schools
- SATs
- tuition fees
- Progress 8
- private schools
- public schools
what was the first age of educational policies (not completely relevant )
Tripartite system
describe the tripartite system
-11+ IQ exam at end of primary determined if you went to Grammar School, Secondary Moderns or Technical Colleges
what is the second age of educational policies
1965 Labour Gov intro of Comprehensives
what did the 1965 Labour gov promote
equality of opportunity
how did the 1965 Labour Gov promote equality of opportunity
- abolished tripartite system; grammar schools mainly abolished and secondary moderns became comprehensives with an individual learning approach
- all schools controlled by the LEA
give 2 disadvantages of the changes brought by the 1965 Labour Gov
- comprehensives disadvantages w/c and ethnic minorities by setting and streaming
- schools in deprived areas often failing
what is the 3rd age of educational policies
1988 Education Act
what did the 1988 Education Act promote
choice competition marketisation and parentocracy
give 3 main aims of the 1988 Education Act
- introduce competition and marketisation
- increase patent choice
- raise standards
give 3 ways parents were given more choice in the 1988 Education Act
- League Tables ranked schools based on results ; parents could choose the best one for child
- OFSTED judged and published schools efficiency to keep them up to code for parents to see
- National curriculum allowed for schools to be examined on same grounds
give 3 ways the 1988 Education Act introduced marketisation
- National Curriculum taught all s hooks the same content so schools could be assessed the same way in League tables
- formula funding gave schools money per pupil so oversubscribed schools could expand and gain better resources to improve
- vocational education gave pupils job specific knowledge
give 4 critiques of the 1988 Education act (not studies )
- selection by mortgage houses in catchment areas of good schools were expensive so w/c disadvantaged
- m/c could afford wider range of schools as they could afford travel costs
- over subscribed schools could creamskim best students who get good results and inc schools rep while w/c are silt shifted into worse schools
- national curriculum is ethnocentric
give 2 theorist critiques of the 1988 Education Act
- Gerwitz; m/c have compatible cultural capital and are skilled choosers
- Youdell ; league tables promote teach to the test
what is the 4th age of educational policies
-1997-2010 New Labour
what was the 1997-2010 new labour trying to promote
diversity and reduction of inequality
give 5 ways 1997-2010 New Labour attempted to reduce inequality
- inc education funding
- EAZ (extra money for deprives areas) and EMA (£30 a week for travel)
- academies
- wider subject and exam choice
- Sure Start /compensatory education (12 hours a week free nursery provision age 2-4)
give 3 positive evaluations of the 1997-2010 New Labour policies
- academies rose standards in deprived areas
- standards on a whole improved
- greater choice with academies and expansion of faith schools
give 4 negative evaluations of 1997-2010 New Labour policies (one study )
- sure start improved health not education
- Connor et al; tuition fees (£1000 for HE) out off w/c
- class gap in achievement continued to increase due to selection by mortgage and cream skimming
- private schools
what is the 5th age of educational policies
2010 Coalition Government
what did the 2010 Coalition Gov aim to promote
marketisation and parentocracy
how did the 2010 Coalition Gov promote parentocracy
- inc choice with forced academisation and free schools (ran by communities )
- Progress 8 added value to GCSEs and allowed for ranking
give 2 positive evaluations of the 2010 Coalition Gov
- standards continued to rise
- attainment gap between FSM and non FSM decreased
give 3 negative evaluations of the 2010 coalition gov
- free schools adv m/c parents and take funding from other schools
- scrapping of EMA lowered HE stay on rate
- no way to guarantee what schools spend £600 of pupil premium on
give a study that criticises league tables
- Ball ; believes inequality is reproduced and legitimised through league tables and for formula funding
how can privatisation be seen in the education system (3)
- schools operating like private businesses via marketing and performance targets
- academisation allows for businesses to sponsor schools
- outsourcing of services eg cleaning services, exam services and private investment in school buildings
give 3 criticisms of the privatisation of education using one study
- Ball; coca- colonisation of schools means there’s a focus on profit over progress eg unprofitable courses cut
- academies can use unqualified teachers
- some schools can opt out of LEA control and National Curriculum
give 3 ways the 1988 Education Act impacted gender (girls pos)
- intro of national curriculum meant it was illegal to discriminate on grounds of gender for subject choice
- standardised testing and coursework linked to girls improvements (disproved)
- marketisation meant girls (since they achieved better) seen as more desirable
name 3 schemes under 1997-2010 New Labour aimed at reasoning boys achievements
Reading Champions Scheme
Raising Boys Achievement Scheme
Playing for Success Scheme (encouraged boys to read)
give any other policies that impacted gender
- GIST/WISE
- change to linear exams and removal of coursework (to improve boys achievement)
how did comprehensive education impact social class inequality
-aimed to improve equality of opportunity with banning selection by ability but limited by setting and streaming
give 2 ways the 1988 Education Act impacted ethnicity (negatively)
- ethnocentric curriculum disadvantages minorities
- Gilborn and Youdell argue that ethnic pupils are labelled (pos (Indian +Chinese) or neg (Black Caribbean)) which impacts achievement
give 2 ways policies have impacted ethnicity positively
- increased funding given to EAL and ESOL
- multicultural education policies in 80s and 90s and saturday schools for black communities
