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sociology: education > Educational Policies > Flashcards

Educational Policies Flashcards

1
Q

list as many polices as you can that promote equality of opportunity (11)

A
  • compensatory education
  • EMA (edu maintenance allowance)
  • EAZ (edu action zones)
  • GIST / WISE
  • comprehensive schools
  • sure start
  • faith schools
  • state schools
  • catchment areas
  • aim higher
  • vocational education
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2
Q

list as many policies as you can that promote marketisation (12)

A
  • pupil premium
  • formula funding
  • free schools
  • league tables
  • national curriculum
  • OFSTED
  • tripartite system /grammar schools
  • SATs
  • tuition fees
  • Progress 8
  • private schools
  • public schools
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3
Q

what was the first age of educational policies (not completely relevant )

A

Tripartite system

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4
Q

describe the tripartite system

A

-11+ IQ exam at end of primary determined if you went to Grammar School, Secondary Moderns or Technical Colleges

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5
Q

what is the second age of educational policies

A

1965 Labour Gov intro of Comprehensives

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6
Q

what did the 1965 Labour gov promote

A

equality of opportunity

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7
Q

how did the 1965 Labour Gov promote equality of opportunity

A
  • abolished tripartite system; grammar schools mainly abolished and secondary moderns became comprehensives with an individual learning approach
  • all schools controlled by the LEA
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8
Q

give 2 disadvantages of the changes brought by the 1965 Labour Gov

A
  • comprehensives disadvantages w/c and ethnic minorities by setting and streaming
  • schools in deprived areas often failing
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9
Q

what is the 3rd age of educational policies

A

1988 Education Act

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10
Q

what did the 1988 Education Act promote

A

choice competition marketisation and parentocracy

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11
Q

give 3 main aims of the 1988 Education Act

A
  • introduce competition and marketisation
  • increase patent choice
  • raise standards
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12
Q

give 3 ways parents were given more choice in the 1988 Education Act

A
  • League Tables ranked schools based on results ; parents could choose the best one for child
  • OFSTED judged and published schools efficiency to keep them up to code for parents to see
  • National curriculum allowed for schools to be examined on same grounds
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13
Q

give 3 ways the 1988 Education Act introduced marketisation

A
  • National Curriculum taught all s hooks the same content so schools could be assessed the same way in League tables
  • formula funding gave schools money per pupil so oversubscribed schools could expand and gain better resources to improve
  • vocational education gave pupils job specific knowledge
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14
Q

give 4 critiques of the 1988 Education act (not studies )

A
  • selection by mortgage houses in catchment areas of good schools were expensive so w/c disadvantaged
  • m/c could afford wider range of schools as they could afford travel costs
  • over subscribed schools could creamskim best students who get good results and inc schools rep while w/c are silt shifted into worse schools
  • national curriculum is ethnocentric
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15
Q

give 2 theorist critiques of the 1988 Education Act

A
  • Gerwitz; m/c have compatible cultural capital and are skilled choosers
  • Youdell ; league tables promote teach to the test
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16
Q

what is the 4th age of educational policies

A

-1997-2010 New Labour

17
Q

what was the 1997-2010 new labour trying to promote

A

diversity and reduction of inequality

18
Q

give 5 ways 1997-2010 New Labour attempted to reduce inequality

A
  • inc education funding
  • EAZ (extra money for deprives areas) and EMA (£30 a week for travel)
  • academies
  • wider subject and exam choice
  • Sure Start /compensatory education (12 hours a week free nursery provision age 2-4)
19
Q

give 3 positive evaluations of the 1997-2010 New Labour policies

A
  • academies rose standards in deprived areas
  • standards on a whole improved
  • greater choice with academies and expansion of faith schools
20
Q

give 4 negative evaluations of 1997-2010 New Labour policies (one study )

A
  • sure start improved health not education
  • Connor et al; tuition fees (£1000 for HE) out off w/c
  • class gap in achievement continued to increase due to selection by mortgage and cream skimming
  • private schools
21
Q

what is the 5th age of educational policies

A

2010 Coalition Government

22
Q

what did the 2010 Coalition Gov aim to promote

A

marketisation and parentocracy

23
Q

how did the 2010 Coalition Gov promote parentocracy

A
  • inc choice with forced academisation and free schools (ran by communities )
  • Progress 8 added value to GCSEs and allowed for ranking
24
Q

give 2 positive evaluations of the 2010 Coalition Gov

A
  • standards continued to rise
  • attainment gap between FSM and non FSM decreased
25
Q

give 3 negative evaluations of the 2010 coalition gov

A
  • free schools adv m/c parents and take funding from other schools
  • scrapping of EMA lowered HE stay on rate
  • no way to guarantee what schools spend £600 of pupil premium on
26
Q

give a study that criticises league tables

A
  • Ball ; believes inequality is reproduced and legitimised through league tables and for formula funding
27
Q

how can privatisation be seen in the education system (3)

A
  • schools operating like private businesses via marketing and performance targets
  • academisation allows for businesses to sponsor schools
  • outsourcing of services eg cleaning services, exam services and private investment in school buildings
28
Q

give 3 criticisms of the privatisation of education using one study

A
  • Ball; coca- colonisation of schools means there’s a focus on profit over progress eg unprofitable courses cut
  • academies can use unqualified teachers
  • some schools can opt out of LEA control and National Curriculum
29
Q

give 3 ways the 1988 Education Act impacted gender (girls pos)

A
  • intro of national curriculum meant it was illegal to discriminate on grounds of gender for subject choice
  • standardised testing and coursework linked to girls improvements (disproved)
  • marketisation meant girls (since they achieved better) seen as more desirable
30
Q

name 3 schemes under 1997-2010 New Labour aimed at reasoning boys achievements

A

Reading Champions Scheme
Raising Boys Achievement Scheme
Playing for Success Scheme (encouraged boys to read)

31
Q

give any other policies that impacted gender

A
  • GIST/WISE
  • change to linear exams and removal of coursework (to improve boys achievement)
32
Q

how did comprehensive education impact social class inequality

A

-aimed to improve equality of opportunity with banning selection by ability but limited by setting and streaming

33
Q

give 2 ways the 1988 Education Act impacted ethnicity (negatively)

A
  • ethnocentric curriculum disadvantages minorities
  • Gilborn and Youdell argue that ethnic pupils are labelled (pos (Indian +Chinese) or neg (Black Caribbean)) which impacts achievement
34
Q

give 2 ways policies have impacted ethnicity positively

A
  • increased funding given to EAL and ESOL
  • multicultural education policies in 80s and 90s and saturday schools for black communities

sociology: education (13 decks)

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