Gender // Boys + Internal

Question 1

give all the internal factors explaining boys underachievement

Answer 1

• feminisation of education
• teacher interaction
• laddish subcultures

Question 2

which study supports feminisation of education as an explanation for boys underachievement

Answer 2

Sewell; schools don’t nurture masculine traits eg competitiveness and leadership but do nurture feminine traits eg methodological working which disadvantages boys; also coursework impacts the gender gap

Question 3

criticise Sewells the feminisation of education study

Answer 3

• coursework removed in almost all GCSEs and gender gap remains
• DFE disagrees

Question 4

say how the feminisation of education explains boys underachievement (not sewell)

Answer 4

lack of male role models since there are more female teachers
female teachers unable to control boys behaviour unlike male teachers which is needed for boys to concentrate and improve

Question 5

give 2 studies that evaluate lack of male role models / feminisation of education

Answer 5

Francis
Read

Question 6

how does Francis criticise lack of male role models/ feminisation of education

Answer 6

-2/3 of 7-8 yo don’t believe teachers gender matters in education

Question 7

what is Reads study that criticises feminisation of education and lack of male role models

Answer 7

2 ways teachers express disapproval :
disciplinarian discourse - explicitly via shouting and tone of voice
liberal discourse -implicitly via talking to pupil like an adult
most teachers male and female use masculine disciplarian discourse so female teachers can control boys in school

Question 8

give a stat that criticises lack of male role models as an explanation for boys underachievement

Answer 8

men 1/4 chance kf being HT

women 1/13 chance of being HT

Question 9

say how teacher interaction explains boys underachievement (and give study)

Answer 9

• Barber; girls feedback based on work not behaviour and boys vice versa and low expectations of girls in science reinforced self image while boys overestimated abilities
• neg teacher labelling undermines boys confidence
• teaches usually less strict with boys eg deadlines and presentation

Question 10

say how laddish subcultures explains boys underachievement

Answer 10

• trying hard at school was seen as feminine and sometimes led to homophobic verbal abuse eg swot sissie
• discouraging to boys esp w/c who want to uphold masculine identity

Question 11

give 2 studies that support laddish subcultures as an explanation for boys underachievement

Answer 11

-epstein
- Jackson

Question 12

what was Epsteins study on laddish subcultures

Answer 12

-w/c culture associates masculinity with tough manual work so if they are swots they are verbally abused so many reject school work to avoid bullying

Question 13

what is Jacksons study in laddish subcultures

Answer 13

-boys based behaviour on dominant view of masculinity by messing around being disruptive and rejecting school work

Question 14

give 3 studies that criticise laddish subcultures

Answer 14

• Weiner, Arnot and David
• Ringrose
• Cohen

Question 15

what is Weiner Arnot and David’s study

Answer 15

-media creates moral panic about esp black w/c boys underachievement as it is likely to lead to unemployable w/c men turning to crime

Question 16

what is Ringroses study criticising laddish subcultures

Answer 16

-govs educational policy more concerned with failing boys not issues eg ethnic minorities bullying sexual harassment etc; moral panic leads to neglect of girls ?

Question 17

what is Cohens study criticising laddish subcultures

Answer 17

-discussions of achievement and academic success focus on boys and perpetuates historical assumption that boys have special potential that isn’t fully developed and their underachievement is protected from scrutiny