Gender Identity

Question 1

What is the primary focus of Oakley’s (1981) concept of gender role socialization?

Answer 1

Perpetuation of traditional stereotypes and inequalities by reinforcing distinct expectations and behaviours for each gender.
Can however limit individual freedom and maintain gender based discrimination

Question 2

How do children’s family stories contribute to gender role socialization?

Answer 2

Reinforce traditional roles and sanction behavior

Question 3

What does the term ‘Organic Analogy’ refer to in the context of functionalism?

Answer 3

A view of society as a complex system with interrelated parts who are responsible for different roles that work together as a whole.

Question 4

Name three traditional female roles often portrayed in media.

Answer 4

• Housewife
• Nurse
• Childcare provider

Question 5

Name three traditional male roles often portrayed in media.

Answer 5

• Construction worker
• Police officer
• Business owner

Question 6

What is meant by ‘estrangement’ in the context of gender roles?

Answer 6

Rejection of individuals based on certain characteristics

Question 7

How are men’s family roles typically tied to their occupational roles?

Answer 7

Men are often seen as responsible for the living standards of their family

Question 8

What is the gender pay gap?

Answer 8

The disparity in earnings between men and women

Question 9

What is primary socialization?

Answer 9

The process where children learn the cultural patterns of behavior expected of their gender

Question 10

When does gender stereotyping typically begin?

Answer 10

Before the child is born

Question 11

What do Pomerleau et al.’s studies highlight about children’s rooms?

Answer 11

Gendered colors and toys reinforce gender stereotypes

Question 12

What is the impact of a patriarchal society on characteristics and stereotypes?

Answer 12

Society chooses characteristics through stereotypes passed through generations

Question 13

How does religious text, like the Bible, contribute to gender roles?

Answer 13

Created by men for men, used to establish male authority over women

Question 14

What is a common trait of many religions in terms of gender roles?

Answer 14

Patriarchal nature where men hold power and authority

Question 15

What role do peer groups play in shaping gender identity?

Answer 15

Encouragement of toughness and social skills in males, while females may occupy supporting roles

Question 16

What does ‘internalization of norms’ refer to in the context of gender roles?

Answer 16

The process of adopting societal expectations and behaviors as one’s own

Question 17

Mead (1935)

Answer 17

Reinforced how gender roles are socially constructed. Studied tribes in Papua Nee Guinea and found their gender roles were reversed to those in America. The women dominated men showing that gender is socially constructed