Culture

Question 1

What is the relationship between cultural capital and social mobility?

Answer 1

Cultural capital can lead to financial rewards and social mobility

Cultural capital encompasses non-financial social assets that promote social mobility.

Question 2

What are norms?

Answer 2

A set of guidelines which define appropriate and inappropriate behaviours

Examples include:
* Thank you
* Wear clothes in public

Unwritten rules guide behavior in social contexts.

Question 3

What is high culture?

Answer 3

High culture refers to cultural products and activities associated with the elite or upper class

Often includes classical music, fine arts, and literature.

Question 4

What is the significance of cultural diversity?

Answer 4

Cultural diversity reflects a range of different cultures and perspectives within a society
It promotes understanding and respect among different cultural groups.

Question 5

What does McDonaldization refer to?

Answer 5

McDonaldization describes the process by which the principles of the fast-food industry dominate other sectors of society

Coined by Ritzer, it emphasizes efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control.

Question 6

True or False: Intercultural communication is facilitated by technology.

Answer 6

True

Technology allows for greater interaction and exchange between different cultures. Links to McLuhan

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The concept of _______ refers to the blending of different cultural elements.

Answer 7

Hybridity

Hybridity can lead to the creation of new cultural forms and identities.

Question 8

What role does consumerism play in culture according to Ritzer? Global Culture

Answer 8

Consumerism shapes cultural norms and practices, leading to global consumption patterns

It reflects the interconnectedness of cultures through market economies.
(McDonaldisation)

Question 9

What are the general principles of culture?

Answer 9

General principles include:
* Values
* Norms
* Beliefs

These elements help define what is acceptable within a culture.

Question 10

What does Hebdige suggest about subcultures?

Answer 10

Hebdige argues that subcultures can express resistance to mainstream culture through styles and symbols e.g. punks

Subcultures often adopt and adapt elements from the dominant culture.
They are groups within groups of wider society who reject mainstream values and adopt their own.

Question 11

What is the impact of globalization on culture? Global Culture

Answer 11

Globalization can lead to cultural homogenization and the spread of consumerist values

It can create a ‘global village’ effect, where local cultures are influenced by global trends. (McLuhan)

Question 12

What is cultural appropriation?
Cultural Hybridity

Answer 12

Cultural appropriation involves adopting elements of one culture by members of another culture, often without permission

This can lead to misunderstandings and tensions between cultural groups.

Question 13

What does the term ‘social chains’ refer to in the context of culture?

Answer 13

Social chains refer to the interconnectedness of individuals and groups through cultural practices and shared norms

They reflect the ways cultures influence and shape each other.

Question 14

What is the significance of adaptation in culture?

Answer 14

Adaptation allows cultures to evolve and incorporate new norms and values while maintaining core elements

This process can lead to cultural diversity and resilience.

Question 15

What is the role of mediation in culture?

Answer 15

Mediation refers to the mechanisms through which cultural elements are transmitted and transformed

This can include language, media, and technology.

Question 16

What does the term ‘cultural capital’ encompass? Bourdieu

Answer 16

Having appropriate norms and values and enjoying forms of HC leads to financial rewards and social mobility.

Cultural capital encompasses non-financial social assets that promote social mobility

This includes education, intellect, style of speech, and dress.

Question 17

Culture

Answer 17

The shared way of life (N+Vs) binding individuals together in a society.

Question 18

Values

Answer 18

General principles or beliefs which majority of society agrees on.

Question 19

Pop Culture

Answer 19

Activities and interests accessed by the majority e.g. tv, football

Postmodernists: beneficial for society, provides individuals choice and identity.

Question 20

Consumer Culture

Answer 20

Form of materialistic culture facilitated by the market economy creating a relationship between the consumers and the goods and services consumed

Question 21

Foster and McChesney (GC)

Answer 21

Claimed there’s been an economic tendency to monopoly of consumerism e.g. dominance of google, Amazon.

Question 22

Marxist view on pop culture

Answer 22

It ‘dumbs down’ the WC by promoting entertainment that distracts critical thinking and awareness of social issues. Prevents WC from from recognising the need for social change, means the Bourgeoisie maintains their power and status.

Question 23

Mead (1935)

Answer 23

Tribe study, male and female behaviours and gender role expectations in different tribes. Found different to those in USA at the time. Men: timid. Women: dominant.
Gender roles socially constructed cross culturally.

Question 24

Jencks (1993)

Answer 24

Definition of culture:
The whole way of life of a society, comprising of specific norms and values.

Question 25

Hall (1991) GC

Answer 25

3 reactions to globalisation: 1. accept GC, cultures become more similar, 2. take in some parts of GC, or 3. resist GC to protect their heritage.

Question 26

Cultural Diversity

Answer 26

Understanding of variety of N+Vs that make cultures diverse and different.
Intercultural diversity = differences between cultures
Intercultural diversity = differences with cultures

Question 27

Murdock (1945)

Answer 27

Identified 70 cultural features that were universal in all human society’s e.g. family, music, cooking and how each culture expresses these within their own cultural boundaries from the N+Vs that they hold.

Question 28

Marxists view on high culture

Answer 28

Agree with Bourdieu
Argue higher class children are given unfair advantages e.g. through private school, parents connections, so are given more opportunities to succeed