Culture Flashcards
What is the relationship between cultural capital and social mobility?
Cultural capital can lead to financial rewards and social mobility
Cultural capital encompasses non-financial social assets that promote social mobility.
What are norms?
A set of guidelines which define appropriate and inappropriate behaviours
Examples include:
* Thank you
* Wear clothes in public
Unwritten rules guide behavior in social contexts.
What is high culture?
High culture refers to cultural products and activities associated with the elite or upper class
Often includes classical music, fine arts, and literature.
What is the significance of cultural diversity?
Cultural diversity reflects a range of different cultures and perspectives within a society
It promotes understanding and respect among different cultural groups.
What does McDonaldization refer to?
McDonaldization describes the process by which the principles of the fast-food industry dominate other sectors of society
Coined by Ritzer, it emphasizes efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control.
True or False: Intercultural communication is facilitated by technology.
True
Technology allows for greater interaction and exchange between different cultures. Links to McLuhan
Fill in the blank: The concept of _______ refers to the blending of different cultural elements.
Hybridity
Hybridity can lead to the creation of new cultural forms and identities.
What role does consumerism play in culture according to Ritzer? Global Culture
Consumerism shapes cultural norms and practices, leading to global consumption patterns
It reflects the interconnectedness of cultures through market economies.
(McDonaldisation)
Cultures are becoming more predictable and standardised like fast food restaurants
What are the general principles of culture?
General principles include:
* Values
* Norms
* Beliefs
These elements help define what is acceptable within a culture.
What does Hebdige suggest about subcultures?
Hebdige argues that subcultures can express resistance to mainstream culture through styles and symbols e.g. punks
Subcultures often adopt and adapt elements from the dominant culture.
They are groups within groups of wider society who reject mainstream values and adopt their own.
What is the impact of globalization on culture? Global Culture
Globalization can lead to cultural homogenization and the spread of consumerist values
It can create a ‘global village’ effect, where local cultures are influenced by global trends. (McLuhan)
What is cultural appropriation?
Cultural Hybridity
Cultural appropriation involves adopting elements of one culture by members of another culture, often without permission
This can lead to misunderstandings and tensions between cultural groups.
What does the term ‘social chains’ refer to in the context of culture?
Social chains refer to the interconnectedness of individuals and groups through cultural practices and shared norms
They reflect the ways cultures influence and shape each other.
What is the significance of adaptation in culture? (Cultural diversity)
Adaptation allows cultures to evolve and incorporate new norms and values while maintaining core elements
This process can lead to cultural diversity and resilience.
What is the role of mediation in culture?
Mediation refers to the mechanisms through which cultural elements are transmitted and transformed
This can include language, media, and technology.
What does the term ‘cultural capital’ encompass? Bourdieu
Having appropriate norms and values and enjoying forms of HC leads to financial rewards and social mobility.
Cultural capital encompasses non-financial social assets that promote social mobility
This includes education, intellect, style of speech, and dress.
Culture
The shared way of life (N+Vs) binding individuals together in a society.
Values
General principles or beliefs which majority of society agrees on.
Pop Culture
Activities and interests accessed by the majority e.g. tv, football
Postmodernists: beneficial for society, provides individuals choice and identity.
Consumer Culture
Form of materialistic culture facilitated by the market economy creating a relationship between the consumers and the goods and services consumed
Foster and McChesney (GC)
Claimed there’s been an economic tendency to monopoly of consumerism e.g. dominance of google, Amazon.
Companies are the most dominant in a market
Marxist view on pop culture
It ‘dumbs down’ the WC by promoting entertainment that distracts critical thinking and awareness of social issues. Prevents WC from from recognising the need for social change, means the Bourgeoisie maintains their power and status.
Mead (1935)
Tribe study, male and female behaviours and gender role expectations in different tribes. Found different to those in USA at the time. Men: timid. Women: dominant.
Gender roles socially constructed cross culturally.
Jencks (1993)
Definition of culture:
The whole way of life of a society, comprising of specific norms and values.
Hall (1991) GC
3 reactions to globalisation: 1. accept GC, cultures become more similar, 2. take in some parts of GC, or 3. resist GC to protect their heritage.
Cultural Diversity
Understanding of variety of N+Vs that make cultures diverse and different.
Intracultural diversity = differences between cultures
Intercultural diversity = differences with cultures
Murdock (1945)
Identified 70 cultural features that were universal in all human society’s e.g. family, music, cooking and how each culture expresses these within their own cultural boundaries from the N+Vs that they hold.
Marxists view on high culture
Agree with Bourdieu
Argue higher class children are given unfair advantages e.g. through private school, parents connections, so are given more opportunities to succeed
