gender differneces in achievement

Question 1

are all girls successful?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

are girls achieving better or worse than the past?

Answer 2

better

Question 3

who found that by performing their working class feminine identities, girls gained symbolic capital from their peers.

Answer 3

the feminist Archer, 2010

Question 4

who identifies several ways that girls create a sense of self? These include: Adopting hyper heterosexual feminine identities, having a boyfriend, and being loud

Answer 4

Archer

Question 5

Hyper-Heterosexual feminine identities- what do girls construct?

Answer 5

desirable and feminine identities

Question 6

Hyper-Heterosexual feminine identities- what do wear?

Answer 6

sexy clothes, makeup, hairstyles

Question 7

Hyper-Heterosexual feminine identities- what does this do to their status?

Answer 7

brings them status and avoids them being labelled or ridiculed for wearing wrong brands

Question 8

Hyper-Heterosexual feminine identities- what is their relationship with the school?

Answer 8

conflict

Question 9

Hyper-Heterosexual feminine identities- what does the school do to the girls?

Answer 9

‘othering’ them

Question 10

what is ‘othering’ a form of?

Answer 10

symbolic violence

Question 11

Hyper-Heterosexual feminine identities- what does Archer say?

Answer 11

for the school, the ideal female pupil is de-sexualised and middleclass. This excludes many working class girls

Question 12

what can having a boyfriend bring?

Answer 12

symbolic capital

Question 13

hat can having a boyfriend get in the way of?

Answer 13

schoolwork

Question 14

what does having a boyfriend lower?

Answer 14

aspirations

Question 15

what may girls loose interest in due to boyfriends?

Answer 15

university, ‘masculine’ subjects or getting into a professional career

Question 16

what may girls aspire to if they have boyfriends?

Answer 16

settle down, have children and work locally in working class jobs

Question 17

what do ‘loud’ girls question about teachers?

Answer 17

teachers authority

Question 18

what class girls adopt a ‘loud’ feminine identity?

Answer 18

working class

Question 19

what are the traits of ‘loud’ feminine identities?

Answer 19

outspoken, independent and assertive

Question 20

what does the ‘loud’ feminine identity contrast with?

Answer 20

the schools ideal female pupils

Question 21

what do teachers think the ‘loud’ feminine identity girls are?

Answer 21

aggressive

Question 22

what does Archer suggest that working-class feminine identities and educational success do to each other?

Answer 22

create conflict

Question 23

what is ‘gain symbolic capital from peers by conforming to HHFE’ an example of?

Answer 23

working class girls dilemmas

Question 24

what is ‘Gain educational capital by rejecting their working-class identity and conforming to schools’ notion of an ideal female pupil’ an example of

Answer 24

working class girls dilemmas

Question 25

boys and achievement external factors?

Answer 25

poorer literacy and a decline of traditional men’s jobs

Question 26

boys and achievement internal factors?

Answer 26

Feminisation of Education, shortage of male primary school teachers and ‘Laddish’ subcultures

Question 27

according to the DCSF, what is the gender gap mainly due to?

Answer 27

boys lower language and literacy skills

Question 28

what gender may parents spend less time reading to?

Answer 28

boys

Question 29

what parent does the most reading?

Answer 29

mothers

Question 30

what is reading seen as?

Answer 30

feminine

Question 31

what activities do boys mostly do? does this help them develop language and literacy skills

Answer 31

football, no

Question 32

what has globalisation led to the decline of?

Answer 32

heavy industries

Question 33

traditionally, what gender worked in heavy industries?

Answer 33

men

Question 35

what do Mitsos and Browne claim has led to an identity crisis among young men?

Answer 35

Boys believe they have little prospect of getting a ‘proper job’ meaning they are less motivated.

Question 37

who believe it’s education has become feminised?

Answer 37

tony sewell

Question 38

what does education becoming feminised according to tony sewell mean for boys?

Answer 38

they fall behind

Question 39

what gender does education favour?

Answer 39

females

Question 40

what traits does education favour?

Answer 40

methodical working and attentiveness in class

Question 41

what traits do schools supposedly not nurture?

Answer 41

traits such as competitiveness and leadership

Question 42

what does sewell see coursework as?

Answer 42

a major cause of differences in achievement

Question 43

what does lack of male role models in school and at home supposedly contribute to?

Answer 43

boys underachievement

Question 44

how many lone parent families are leaded by female

Answer 44

1.5 million

Question 45

what percentage of primary school teachers are male?

Answer 45

14%

Question 46

according to Yougov (2007) what percentage of boys supposedly have no lessons it’s a male teacher?

Answer 46

39%

Question 47

what gender do most boys think they work better with?

Answer 47

male teachers

Question 48

some argue that schools have become _____________ because of the number of _____________ teachers that cannot control ____ behaviour.

Answer 48

feminised, female, boys

Question 49

what gender teacher are better to impose the strict level of discipline boys need?

Answer 49

male teachers

Question 50

who found that two-thirds of 7-8 year olds believed the gender of their teacher did not matter?

Answer 50

Francis 2006

Question 51

who suggests that most teachers have a masculine approach to discipline, disproving the claim that primary schools are feminised. She also found that female teachers were just as likely to use strict discipline?

Answer 51

read 2008

Question 52

who suggest that primary schools are still male dominated patriarchal institutions?

Answer 52

Hasse 2008

Question 53

who notes that male teachers are more likely to become heads than women?

Answer 53

Jones 2006

Question 54

what did Francis (2006) find?

Answer 54

two-thirds of 7-8 year olds believed the gender of their teacher did not matter.

Question 55

what did Read 2008 find?

Answer 55

most teachers have a masculine approach to discipline, disproving the claim that primary schools are feminised. She also found that female teachers were just as likely to use strict discipline.

Question 56

what did Hasse 2008 suggest?

Answer 56

primary schools are still male dominated patriarchal institutions.

Question 57

what does Jones 2006 note?

Answer 57

male teachers are more likely to become heads than women

Question 58

why are boys more concerned about being labelled as a ‘swot’

Answer 58

they are worried about their masculinity

Question 59

what did Epstein (1998) find?

Answer 59

working class boys are more likely to be harassed and abused by their peers if they appear to be ‘swots’

Question 60

in working class culture, what is masculinity associated with?

Answer 60

being tough and doing manual work

Question 61

what type of work is seen as inferior?

Answer 61

non-manual work

Question 62

according to francis, what is becoming more widespread?

Answer 62

laddish culture

Question 63

what does laddish culture becoming more widespread mean?

Answer 63

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Question 64

what does laddish culture becoming more widespread mean?

Answer 64

girls are moving into more masculine areas and boys are reacting by becoming more increasingly non-feminine

Question 65

what did critics of feminists argue about girls success?

Answer 65

they are not succeeding at expense of boys

Question 66

what does HHFI stand for?

Answer 66

hyper heterosexual feminine identities

Question 67

what does osler 2006 argue?

Answer 67

girls disengage from school quietly whit girls disengage loudly in a form of ‘laddish’ masculinity