Gender Development

Question 1

TRUE or FALSE - there are differences between male and female brains

Answer 1

FALSE

Question 2

What is more important to gender development?
a) biology
b) socialization

Answer 2

b) socialization

Question 3

Who would perform better at a spatial ROTATION task?
a) boys
b) girls

Answer 3

a) boys
-thought to have evolutionary basis related to hunting
-e.g. rotating the cubed objects
*** EXAM Q

Question 4

Who would perform better at a spatial LOCATION task?
a) boys
b) girls

Answer 4

b) girls
-e.g. shown assortment of objects, asked to recall what was where
*** EXAM Q

Question 5

Are there more differences:
a) WITHIN genders (e.g. within a group of girls)
b) BETWEEN genders (e.g. girls vs boys)

Answer 5

a) WITHIN genders (e.g. within a group of girls)

Question 6

Who would have the most flexible thinking of terms of gender stereotypes?
a) Low SES boy
b) Middle SES boy
c) Low SES girl
d) Middle SES girl

Answer 6

d) Middle SES girl

Question 7

Who is more likely to think that a baby girl being raised on an island by her dad will have more characteristics stereotypical of men?
a) Young child (age 4)
a) Middle child (age 8)

Answer 7

a) Middle child - 8
Older children think that gender typing is socially influenced whereas young child think it is biologically influenced

Question 8

Who is most likely to be shunned by peers?
a) boy playing with boy toy
b) boy playing with girl toy
c) girl playing with girl toy
d) girl playing with boy toy

Answer 8

b) boy playing with girl toy

Question 9

Components of Kohlberg’s Cognitive Developmental Theory (4)

Answer 9

1) Gender labeling
2) Gender stability
3) Gender consistency
4) Gender constancy

Question 10

Gender labeling

Answer 10

-by 30 months able to reliably label gender
-but still not completely clear
-e.g. if you put dress on a boy will think he’s a girl

Question 11

Gender stability

Answer 11

-for self but not others
-3 - 5 years

Question 12

Gender consistency

Answer 12

-4-7 years
-realize gender doesn’t change over time

Question 13

Gender constancy

Answer 13

-age 6
-Kohlberg said all 3 previous concepts needed to form gender constancy
-said you need this for to build gender stereotypes (WRONG)

Question 14

Gender Schema Theory

Answer 14

-Combines social learning, information-processing, and cognitive approaches
-Attend to own gender, and ignore, misinterpret, or actively reject any inconsistencies
-will remember in the wrong way
-e.g. story about boy making cookies - will remember it as a girl making cookies
-built schemas that don’t allow them to see the flexibility
-able to think more flexibly with age

Question 15

What increases with age?
a) gender stereotype knowledge
b) gender stereotype flexibility
c) both

Answer 15

c) both

Question 16

Children show preference for same gender peers as early as age….

Answer 16

2

Question 17

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

Answer 17

-learn gender roles through observation, imitation, and reinforcement
-TV, books, peers, parents
-modeled
-rewarded or punishment

Question 18

Maccoby’s Gender Segregation Theory

Answer 18

-children gravitate towards same-sex peers during play
-over childhood, kids spend increasingly more time with same-sex peers
-boys - rough and tumble play, girls gravitate away from this

Question 19

Testosterone directly increases the risk of:
a) agitation
b) aggression
c) both
d) neither

Answer 19

a) agitation

directly increases risk of agitation, NOT aggression

but agitation leads to agression

Question 20

Gender Schema Theory

Answer 20

-social learning, information-processing, and cognitive
-motivation for gender-typed behaviour begins as soon as children can LABEL other people’s and their own gender

Question 21

Gender Schema

Answer 21

-organized mental representations about gender, including gender stereotypes
-in vs out group