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Developments in Christian Thought > Gender and Theology (2) > Flashcards

Gender and Theology (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Mary Daly?

A
  • Originally a RC Theologian who as a radical feminist argued women. must abandon Christianity for a Post-Christian spirituality
  • Believed the Church was the ‘chief source of women’s abuse’ in her ‘Beyond God the Father’
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2
Q

What happened as a result of Daly’s book ‘The Church and the Second Sex’?

A
  • She outlined the marginalisation of women in the Church in hopes they would reform the organisation
  • Universities tried to terminate her position but students protested and she got a permanent teaching position
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3
Q

What key relationship did patriarchal culture destroy according to Mary Daly?

A
  • Believes that patriarchal culture had destroyed women’s spiritual relationship with nature
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4
Q

How did Daly agree with Nietzsche on the topic of language?

A
  • She agreed with Nietzsches view of rediscovering lost/archaic meanings of words as a means of uncovering the hidden relation with nature
  • Daly uses this language to shift consciousness and give women tools to stand outside the current culture as outsiders
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5
Q

Why does Daly call herself a ‘traveller’ ?

A
  • She argues that the image of women as ‘hags’ are to ‘exorcise’ the spirit of patriarchy
  • Thus she calls herself a traveller who is seeking out new forms of living beyond the patriarchy
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6
Q

What was Dalys own dictionary?

A
  • Websters first intergalactic wickerdary of the English Language
  • New language and chants to free radical feminists from patriarchy and their communication with ‘be-ing’ which she deems the ongoing process of nature
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7
Q

What is the central problem for Mary Daly? QUOTE

A

“if God is male then the male is God”
- It is not sufficient to present God in female terms a God would still be male in essence
- Daly believes a Transvaluation of Christianity is required

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8
Q

How does Daly agree with Nietzsche on the topic of Transvaluation?

A
  • Both believe that to deliver humans from their self-imposed cultural imprisonment we must undergo transvaluation of all our existing values
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9
Q

What are the two aspects of human nature? (Transvaluation)

A

The Apollonian Veil: The passive Self
The Dionysian: The energetic or creative self, only women can be this

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10
Q

The Apollonian Veil

A
  • Created when humans falsely create ideas they believe are true
  • This alienates them from their naturally creative and imaginative selves
  • Only women have the ability to remove these false ideas
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11
Q

Becoming and be-ing

A
  • Being human is a creative and ongoing process where there is no end as there is no objective creator
  • Only women understand the creative process of ‘be-ing’ the spiritual process of living that replaces any idea of an objective God
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12
Q

How does Daly disagree with Nietzche’s transvaluation of God?

A
  • He replaced God the Father with God the Man (ubermensch)
  • The patriarchy is so deeply ingrained that he was blinded by the Apollonian veil he thought he was lifting
  • He also attributed Apollonian values as ‘feminine’ showing how blinded he was
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13
Q

How does Daly believe transvaluation of phallic values should take place?

A
  • A complete annihaliation and ‘castration’ of God, an abolition of God and his ideas
  • Replacing God with the authentic human experience, the be-ing replaces God
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14
Q

What two forms characterise the patriarchal world?

A
  • Foreground
  • Background
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15
Q

Foreground

A
  • The Apollonian Value patriarchal world that sucks the life force out of women and natuer
  • Male leaders are ‘snools’ and female snools are ‘hench-women’ who gain power from snools
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16
Q

Background

A
  • The existence of women and true be-ing
  • Women have become used to living in the shadow of men the background
  • However women are more energetic and closer to reality/be-ing itself
17
Q

What archaic old fashioned language has Daly transvaluated to empower women?

A
  • A means of connecting women with nature or be-ing
  • Hag, previously used to disempower, now used to empower to allow woman to exorcise and lead to ecstasy
  • She argues when are spinsters, spinning new meanings as ‘courageous explorers’ of non-patriarchal ways of living
18
Q

Give two examples of how Daly argues that Christianity is the root cause of patriarchal values?

A
  • Jesus’ death on the cross is seen as an expression of male enjoyment of pain, torture and sexual dominance over men
  • She sees Virgin Mary as the ‘total rape victim’ who was forcefully impregnated by God
19
Q

What are the three elements of the Most Unholy Trinity?

A
  • War
  • Rape
  • Genocide
20
Q

War as a part of the Unholy Trinity

A
  • Symbolises the worst of the Apollonian values praised by the Church
  • Inconsistencies are shown when politicians and theologians defend war for justice but condemn compassionate killings such as euthanasia and abortion
  • Deigned by what Daly calls a ‘phallic mortality’ and ‘phallic mentality’ and war depicts the male values of strength and violence that makes them feel strong and powerful
21
Q

Rape as a part of the Unholy Trinity

A
  • A phallocentric ‘rape culture’ is one based on power and not on true community
  • She treats rape as both literal and metaphorical, it is metaphorical as Christianity is the reason why women have been abused and treated as passive subjects
  • She argues there was a connection between the mentality of rape and the phenomenon of war
22
Q

Genocide as a part of the Unholy Trinity

A
  • Rape culture represents alienated society where one group destroys another, the same one race murders and destroys another
  • Argues that the CC commits genocide when it forces women to have unwanted children
  • CC support genocide through support for war
23
Q

What is true friendship for Daly?

A
  • She believes lesbian friendship is the only true friendship
  • Homosexuality is an example of a patriarchal idea that the Church developed to highlight male and female difference
  • Daly believes all relationships are valid if they work within the radical feminist values
24
Q

Quote St Paul in Galations

A

“there is neither male or female”
- Daly rejects this as an attempt to make Christianity more palatable

25
Q

How does Daly believe radical feminism will triumph?

A
  • Believes it will create a ‘cosmic tapestry’ with the most Holy Trinity, of power, justice and love
  • Spinsters describe women working together who are spinning a transformed spiritually which is free from Christian patriarchy
26
Q

What are some similarities between Daly and Ruether?

A
  • Both agree Christianity is the source of sexism
  • Agree on the concept of the Goddess, saying ‘she’ is not enough
  • Agree on the idea of ecology, only feminism deals properly with the human relationship and the environment
  • Praxis, both consider the central purpose of feminist theology as transforming society with women having a unique role in the process
27
Q

How do Daly and Ruether differ in their views about God?

A
  • Ruether retains the existence of God who is known through spirit and wisdom
  • Daly eliminates God and replaces them with nature
28
Q

How do Daly and Ruether differ in their co-operation of men and women?

A
  • Ruether agrees with Daly that there is a good reason for women to separate from men
  • But ultimately there is no advantage of lesbian separatism whereas Daly believes only women can transform the world
29
Q

How do Daly and Ruether differ in their view of Godess/God?

A
  • Daly rejects the notion that there is no feminine/male values of God in Christ, it is patriarchally overpowering
  • Ruether believes that the experience of God in female/male terms is preserved in Christianity
30
Q

How can Daly be criticised for being exclusive?

A
  • Her theology alienates women who do not conform to her views
  • Her vision of the new elect only applies to white, lesbian, professional and western women
  • Not included women of different ethnicities, poor women and those of different classes and sexualities
31
Q

How can Daly be criticised for being narrow in her approach?

A
  • ## she claims to want a wider understanding but condemns those who find it through religion
32
Q

Can Daly be considered irrational?

A
  • Her demonisation as men for ‘rape culture’ is not the view many feminists hold of men
  • This can lead to alienation of men who hold similar views to radical feminists

Developments in Christian Thought (22 decks)

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