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Developments in Christian Thought > Death and the Afterlife Pt 1 > Flashcards

Death and the Afterlife Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the implications of Jesus’ resurrection?

A
  • Resurrection did not mark the end of the world but the beginning of the Jesus movement and Christianity
  • Jesus’ resurrection was a moment of hope over despair
  • A moment where God acted mysteriously and spectacularly
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2
Q

What did Jesus’ teaching contain?

A

Jewish eschatology based on teaching of the Pharisees, not just about immortality but about world order

  • His life was a sacrifice for sin
  • His death would prompt the establishment of world order
  • He would be raised with saints, martyrs and his followers would have a place in the kingdom
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3
Q

Quote Mark on the kingdom of God arriving

A

“The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom has come near” - Mark 1:14
- Many Christians thought they were near Parousia

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4
Q

What would Parousia do?

A

Judge the world and those who lived righteously would live eternally in God’s restored and renewed world

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5
Q

How does the Book of Revelations depict the Kingdom of God?

A
  • New age as a time of no suffering where heavenly Jerusalem descends to Earth as a symbol of renewed world
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6
Q

Quote the Book of Revelations on the new age?

A

“God himself will be with them… Death shall be no more” - Book of Revelation 21:1-4

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7
Q

What are the 3 interpretations of the Kingdom of God?

A
  • An actual place
  • A spiritual state
  • A symbol of the moral life
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8
Q

What is the Kingdom of God as a present moral and spiritual state?

A
  • In the Gospels there was a call for moral and spiritual reform
  • An Inaugurated eschatology (presentation as if the Kingdom has already started)
  • Jesus’ healing miracles, e.g sight to the blind, are signs the new age has come
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9
Q

Quote OT prophet Isaiah on the Kingdom of God?

A

“Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened”

  • ‘Nowness’ of the kingdom
  • time to overcome racial prejudice, discrimination and failure to practice religion
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10
Q

How is the Kingdom of God presented as a future redeemed state?

A
  • Jesus’ eschatology is traditional

- Preaches that the future kingdom is a state where righteous live in perfect harmony with God in a redeemed world

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11
Q

How does St Paul represent the Kingdom of God as a future redeemed state?

A
  • Says Jesus’ resurrection was a sign that the world is restored, we can ‘see’ and ‘know’ God
  • Before Christ we were merely able to see heaven as a ‘dark glass’, now we can see ‘clearly’
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12
Q

How does John the Divine represent the Kingdom of God as a future redeemed state?

A
  • The sacrificial death of Jesus washed away sin
  • The righteous may now live in New Jerusalem and experience Gods joyous presence
  • Other writers use NT as images of future state as perfect and completion of God-Human relationship
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13
Q

What question about punishment and justice does the OT raise? (Quote)

A

“Why do all who are treacherous thrive?” - Jeremiah

- Why do the wicked prosper and the good suffer?

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14
Q

How does the OT answer to the question of punishment and justice?

A
  • Jesus says that the wicked have enjoyed their ‘reward’ and will be excluded from the kingdom of God
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15
Q

How does the Gospel of Mathew view hell?

A
  • A state of Hades or Gehenna
  • Hades in Greek thought was a shadowy half existence of human spirits awaiting judgement
  • Gehenna in later Jewish thought was a place of torment and suffering
  • OT Hades is Sheol
  • Mathew combines ideas to warn unrighteous that hell is fire. torment. wailing and lament
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16
Q

Quote the Revelation on hell

A

“Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire”

The Second Death

17
Q

What is the story of The Rich Man and Lazarus?

A
  • Rich man who ‘feasted sumptuously’ steadily ignored ill man Lazurus
  • Both died on the same day, Lazarus ended up in heaven, Rich man was in Hades
  • Rich man was in flames and asked Lazarus to ‘dip tip of his finger in water and cool’
18
Q

What does the story of The Rich Man and Lazarus teach us?

A
  • The Rich man had an unchanged attitude towards Lazarus, using him as means
  • “but now he is comforted here and you are in agony” - Luke
  • Challenges the common belief that richness on earth is God’s blessing
  • Rich man was perhaps a sadducee
19
Q

What is the problem of the delay of parousia?

A
  • First generations hopes for Jesus’ return and arrival of the kingdom for one of the earliest prayers ‘Maran Altha’
  • Jesus was not here and an eschatology emerged to explain this
20
Q

What did the eschatology about the delay of parousia say? (Quote)

A
  • Jesus had warned against making exact calculations of his return “but about that day and hour no one knows” - Matthew
  • Some of Jesus’ parables emphasised delay and sudden return, you must be morally vigilant as the kingdom arrives with no warning despite delays
21
Q

What is the issue of ‘place’ in the kingdom of God?

A
  • Where is the new kingdom and is it the same as heaven?
22
Q

How did John the Divine deal with the issue of ‘place’?

A
  • Vision in the Book of Revelations suggests heaven is not a disembodied state but a continuation of conditions of the world
  • 1st, saints who undergone ‘first resurrection would rule in heavenly state for a thousand years
  • 2nd, after vanquishing of satan the world will be replaced by the ‘new earth and new heaven’
23
Q

What is the issue of time and judgement in the kingdom of god?

A
  • Exact moment of judgement dat at the ‘end’ of time is unknown
  • NT writers suggest ‘final’ judgement is less important than personal judgement
  • In Richman and Lazarus it was straight after death
  • Lukes Gospel contains Jesus saying to the robber ‘today you will be with me in paradise’
24
Q

What does Matthews Gospel say about time and judgement?

A
  • The righteous who died before Jesus are resurrected when Jesus dies and establish a new covenant with God
25
Q

What did Johns Gospel say about time and judgement?

A
  • Radical interpretation
  • The way an individual responds to Christ is accounted, judgement is personal and continual
    “that who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life” - John 3:16-18
  • Those who reject Christs teaching condemn themselves
26
Q

What does the Catholic Church teach about judgement?

A
  • At death a persons soul receives ‘eternal retribution’ with a judgement on their life
  • Rewarded with either the blessed state, purification or the everlasting damnation
  • This can only happen at the last judgement
27
Q

What is the Problem of Millenarianism?

A
  • The belief that Christ will rule for a thousand years with saints and end judgement would follow
  • popular at times of political/natural disaster and some encourage the end to hasten the kingdoms arrival
  • Augustine interprets Revelation 20 as the Church to administer Gods judgement on earth until the last day
28
Q

Quote St Paul on Purgatory and expand on what it means

A

“saved, only through fire”

  • The process of cleansing
  • Death in a state of grace can seek forgiveness and receive punishment through final judgement
  • Gives an element of fairness to prepare for final judgement
  • Due to ambiguity in personal and final judgement
29
Q

What is the Parable of the Sheep and the Goats (Matthew 25)?

A
  • Common practice for goats and sheep to graze together, however they were separated into different pens at night
  • Sheep are worth more and therefore kept in secure accommodation
  • Even though there appears to have no advantage in living morally when judgement day arrives eternal life is only given to those who lived righteously
30
Q

What theme of reversal of expectation is seen in the parable of the sheep and the goats?

A
  • Righteous SHOULD have been about those who kept commandments of the Torah
  • However it shows this is not enough to be granted eternal life, those who pursue justice for the marginalised oppressed and poor without reward are the ones who get eternal life
31
Q

What lessons can we learn from the parable of the sheep and goats?

A
  • Those rewarded are not necessarily Christians but those who pursue justice, christian or not
  • Good work reflects Jesus’ own ministry of attending to the poor, the sick and imprisoned
  • Challenges the traditional thinking that you are only obliged to help the same social and religious group
32
Q

What does J.N.D Kelly think about Christian eschatology? (Quote)

A
  • Focused on parousia, resurrection, judgement and end of the present order
    “they were held together in a naive, unreflective fashion” - Early Christian Doctrines
  • Not well thought out systematic ideas

Developments in Christian Thought (22 decks)

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