gender and theology

Question 1

what did daly argue about the maleness of god

Answer 1

because god was male power was a male thing

Question 2

daly and false spirituality

Answer 2

christian idea of maleness of god invention of patriachal mindset to justify it having power

Question 3

daly quote about male and god

Answer 3

if god is male then male is god

Question 4

association between masculinity and divinity for daly

Answer 4

has a function of making male supremacy seem like a fact of the universe which cannot be challenged

Question 5

dalys solution to use god as a verb

Answer 5

refer to god as she
-change from noun to verb so god as be-ing rather than being since verbs beyond masculine/feminine description

Question 6

benefits of thinking of god as a verb

Answer 6

introduces flexibility required for person to see unjust state of being not fixed and can be changed

Question 7

1 cornithians 14 as dalys source of biiblical misogyny

Answer 7

the women should keep silent in the churches for they are not permitted to speak but should be in submission as the law says

Question 8

1 timothy 14 as source of misogyny for daly

Answer 8

i do not permit woman to teach or assume authority over man she must be quiet
-adam was formed first then eve
-but women will be saved through childbearing

Question 9

ephesians 5 22-33 as source of biblical misogyny for daly

Answer 9

wives submit to your husbands as you do the lord for husband head of wife as christ head of church and husbands love your wives as christ loves church

Question 10

eve as source of sin as biblical misogyny for daly

Answer 10

story of fall has been used to oppress women by portraying them as source of sin
-claimed women had internalised feelings of guilt and inferiority and had to recognise this to take first step to liberation

Question 11

the unholy trinity as source of biblical misogyny for daly

Answer 11

rape genocide war
-result of patriarchal world
-christianity has legitimated male dominance which reinforces patriarchy
-christianity complicit in evil

Question 12

moses as source of biblical misogyny for daly

Answer 12

kill all male children and kill women who have slept with a man
-spare the lives of young girls who have not slept with a man and take them for yourselves

Question 13

liberal and symbolic view of bible as criticism of daly

Answer 13

take a more symbolic view of the bible because they regard it as only having literal relevance for time it was produced in and often admit human authors patriarchy had role in bible not god
-christianity redeemable if reinterpreted to fit more modern times by ignoring maleness god in bible

Question 14

dalys response to liberal christianity criticism

Answer 14

fewer people take bible literally christians are still influenced to view women as inferior by it

Question 15

daphne hampson support of daly

Answer 15

rejects liberal christianity divorced enough from sexism of traditional christianity
-liberal christians saddled with weight of ancient tradition because despite different approaches they read bible as scripture
-as subconscious level sexist paradigms and themes of bible will affect them so long as they continue to read it

Question 16

whats the sisterhood of feminism

Answer 16

women liberating themselves from their divisions

Question 17

example of sisterhood feminism

Answer 17

protestant woman and catholic woman releasing unity as sexual caste in order to live in future that we are fighting for

Question 18

what does daly argue about consequences of old sexist ways

Answer 18

feeding on the bodies and minds of woman sapping energy at expense of female death

Question 19

dalys argument about womans abilities and knowledge

Answer 19

superior to men
-women should therefore have power over men as society would be more peaceful and better for the environment
-patriarchal oppression of women has prevented their growth

Question 20

female supermacy as argument against daily

Answer 20

just as sexist as male supremacy
-dangerous and anti-feminist as not about equality
-advocation for seperation between men and women seen as radical impractical and too similar to segregationism which has been associated throughout history and bigotry

Question 21

argument against dalys supposed segregationism

Answer 21

female spirituality superior because men stuck in patriarchy
-argued females needed their own space to heal from damage done to them by patriarchy

Question 22

rosemary ruthers argument about biblical interpretation

Answer 22

jesus and bible can be interpreted in a feminist way and christianity has potential to be compatible with feminism

Question 23

whats patriarchalization

Answer 23

process whereby misogynistic views take over and dominate

Question 24

ways bible can be interpeted in feminist ways

Answer 24

imago dei
-sophia- greek for wisdom personified in female form of a goddess
-in hebrew bible god = yahewh which means no name- god beyond gender but we say father
-montanists had women leaders and prophets but persecuted into non-existence
-female prophets in corinth claimed direct experience of god what caused paul to say women should be silent in church

Question 25

decisive step of patriarchalization of christollogy

Answer 25

christian church as imperial religion of roman empire

Question 26

psychological aspects to patriacharhalization

Answer 26

tendency to associate men with higher part of human nature- mind and reason and women lower sin causing - body and passions
-most men project onto women their rejection of their own lower selves

Question 27

reuthers argument about jesus in gospels and in later doctrines of bible

Answer 27

jesus was not a warrior type messiah but a servant king
-messiah expected to win, not suffer and die which is a patriarchal view of spiritual leader
-jesus did suffer and die- served his people rather than ruling them
-he washed feet and spent time with poor criticising those in power

Question 28

how does jesus invoke female wisdom

Answer 28

better understood as self sacrificing non warrior messiah
-more gender inclusive understanding of jesus which could be basis for redeemed christianity
-view incorporates female concept of god masked by patriarchal interpretation that jesus only a male messiah

Question 29

criticism of jesus from daly

Answer 29

male figure like jesus cannot provide spiritual salvation to women under conditions of patriarchy
-unique male saviour seen as one more legitimation of male superiority
-

Question 30

criticism of daly for jesus not bringing salvation for women

Answer 30

if jesus properly understood as saving spirituality to women under patriarchy
-reuther argued he did
-he is spiritually more inclusive
-jesus was gender inclusive figure corrupted by patriarchal reinterpretation

Question 31

defense of dalys point of jesus limitations

Answer 31

doesnt matter whether jesus was pro feminist or not
-condition of patriarchy we are in makes it impossible for male saviour to save women because it reinforces damaging patriarchal stereotypes and gender roles

Question 32

whats the golden thread by reuther

Answer 32

idea that there is theme of liberation theme in bible supporting feminist causes

Question 33

how is christianity redeemable by golden thread

Answer 33

find separate golden thread of authentic teachings which support feminism from patriarchal threads - liberation and sexism inconsistent from each other

Question 34

what does reuther describe the golden thread as

Answer 34

prophetic liberating tradition

Question 35

what does the golden thread include

Answer 35

gods defence of oppressed freeing jews in exodus
-jesus treatment of marginalised people
-jesus criticism of established religious view that serve to justify and sanctify dominant unjust social order
-jesus moral teachings like the golden rule

Question 36

benefits of identifying golden thread

Answer 36

gives us standard by which to compare and judge other parts of the bible and reject those that dont fit the liberation theme

Question 37

only way the bible can be patriarchal

Answer 37

if it rejects the use of god to justify social domination or subjugation
-patriarchy idolizing male as representing the divine so must be denounced as idoltary and blasphemy

Question 38

criticism of reuther golden thread

Answer 38

depends on her claim a plausible reading of jesus actions is they are aimed at liberating of women from unjust social order
-woman at well- jesus began convo with female samaritan at well by asking her for drink

Question 39

the adulterous woman for jesus supporting christian liberal feminism

Answer 39

pharisees asked jesus if adulterous woman should be stoned
-he said let whoever is without sin cast the first stone
-

Question 40

criticism of jesus being for feminism with adulterous woman

Answer 40

jesus was against capital punishment for adultery
-he still tells women not to sin and jesus in favour of what anti christian feminists regard as patriarchally constructed conception of sin

Question 41

galations from st paul as feminist

Answer 41

their is neither jew nor gentile neither slave not free nor is there male and female for you are all one in christ

Question 42

non political readings of jesus as criticism galations verse is pro feminism

Answer 42

-if jesus was son of god his actions might appear to challenge social order but might be just because he treated everyone spiritually equal
-jesus bringing message equally
-genesis- male and female he made
-give unto ceasers what is ceasers- jesus saw disconnect between social injustice and religious matters

Question 43

what is mulerius dignatium

Answer 43

dignity of women
-open letter written by john paul 2
-defend christianity from accusation against sexism

Question 44

what did john paul argue in mulieris dignitatum

Answer 44

men and women are complementary
-while different both equal in nature
-divinely designed biological essentialism
-male saviour can save women

Question 45

john pauls argument motherhood is a womens telos

Answer 45

women are naturally disposed to motherhood
-have womb and psychologically in that motherhood creates special openness- mom develop their self giving abilities of compassion
-based in natural law reasoning about telos

Question 46

feminist responses to motherhood part of women

Answer 46

gender roles in telos no different to biblical patriarchy
-invented by men for dominance
-anthroprological study shows gender roles differ between culture
-made by men to encourage women

Question 47

simone de beauvoir criticism of john paul

Answer 47

existentialist
-rejected telos
-satre- existence precedes essence
-people create telos because afraid of intensity of freedom involved in making own purpose
-feelings lead to abandonment of god, anguish of weight, despair

Question 48

john pauls argument there are important and valued women in christian history

Answer 48

john paul pointed out there are many female european saints
-jesus coming to earth because of women mary
-christianity cant be sexist as it holds women in highest regard

Question 49

simone de beauvoir criticism of john pauls second argument

Answer 49

christian valuing of mary shows it is only through mans docile servant she will be blessed saint

Question 50

mary dalys criticism to john pauls second criticism

Answer 50

mary portrayed as passive void waiting to be made by male
-mary rape victim- spirit invaded
-god raped mary because no consent
-mary put on pedestal to encourage women to become passive submissive and obedient so all women be sexual property of men