death and the afterlife

Question 1

sheol

Answer 1

afterlife for jews in where all souls go after death of the body
-greek Hades

Question 2

particular judgment

Answer 2

refers to gods judgment immediatly after death

Question 3

general judgment

Answer 3

gods judgment at the end of time

Question 4

gehenna

Answer 4

referred to jesus as place of fire sinners are sent to

Question 5

state

Answer 5

non physical ethereal soul existence

Question 6

new earth

Answer 6

view of heaven that end of time god will restore earth to pre fall state where resurrected bodies of right will live forever

Question 7

the rich man and lazarus

Answer 7

-rich man igonred beggar lazarus and was sent to hell while lazarus went to heaven
-rich man asked abraham for comfort and was denied

Question 8

take aways from rich mana and lazarus parable

Answer 8

rich man in hell before his family showing particular judgment
-heaven and hell shown as eternal physical places since rich man couldnt leave to dip his finger in cool water
-unlimited electron suggested- those who do bad go hell
-passage evidence against heaven as new earth, rich man wanted to warn his family still on earth

Question 9

rich man and lazarus about sheol not heaven or hell argument

Answer 9

-story only mentions beggar carried by angels to bosom of abraham
-jewish theology- separate places in sheol
-right to abraham and wrong in bad place
-sheol not correctly translated
-when jesus spoke of fire he said gehenna

Question 10

luther- rich man and lazarus story just a parable

Answer 10

-parable which symbolizes state of conscience after we do good or bad
-torment symbol for rich mans conscience
-rich man and cool water- symbolic for conscience torment
-resurrection doesnt take place until end of time so not literal

Question 11

afterlife as a physical reality

Answer 11

pronounced culturally during medieval period
-dantes divine comedy, descriptions of heaven, hell and purgatory
-physical view of afterlife reflected extreme versions of medieval life on earth, torture and feasting common

Question 12

paul on physical resurrection

Answer 12

-paul calls resurrection of jesus first fruits, first after which ours will follow, paul claims jesus saved us from our sinful state
-when we rise we have better body
-flesh and blood cannot inherit kingdom of god- well change
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Question 13

pauls analogy of tents

Answer 13

-moral natural bodies like tents which are heavy burden but when jesus returns the dead and give them immortal spiritual bodies
-immortality = heaven and hell eternal

Question 14

augustine and physical resurrection

Answer 14

-earthly bodies being raised in flesh in exalted form more believable than our spirit joined with those sinful earthly bodies
-resurrected bodies must be physical since christs was
-showed hope for all christians that they would be resurrected

Question 15

ressurrection as spiritual

Answer 15

-jesus appeared to disciples after he rose from dead
-he could disappear and appear at will- spiritual not physical
-our resurrection non physical to and after life non physical
-st paul says future bodies spiritual

Question 16

argument against resurrection being spiritual

Answer 16

-jesus physical body gone upon his resurrection, shows he was raised physically. suggests it was his physical body that was resurrected but perfected form
-pauls description of resurrected body as spiritual and other spiritual earthly form was non physical

Question 17

idea of new earth and physical afterlife

Answer 17

-idea that heaven is a future perfected state of earth,
-after final judgment resurrected bodies of right will have eternal life there. suggestive of physical resurrection and physical afterlife
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Question 18

N T Wright

Answer 18

-argues heaven as new earth by pointing to sermon on mount where jesus says, your kingdom come your will be done as earth it is in heaven
-argues this means kingdom of heaven soverign tule of heaven coming to earth

Question 19

pentinent thief against new earth

Answer 19

-a theif was cruficied nezt to jesus
-he was remorseful for his actions
-jesus said today you will be in paradise with me
-heaven existed at that time and isnt future state of earth
-particular judgment immediately after death
-those who repent saved- unlimited election

Question 20

st paul on presence with christ after death

Answer 20

-letter to philippians
-immediately after death there will be presence with christ ( particular judgment )
-paul spoke clearly of resurrection so not trying to replace general judgment- in addition to

Question 21

N T Wright against paul letter to phillipians

Answer 21

-john 14 and luke 23- have verses of with me in paradise
-none of them mention psyche
-if early christians wanted to day part that lives on they should have
-western theology to heavily influenced by platos view of soul despite being rejected by jewish
-christians wrong in saying soul means eternal going on
-soul in gospel closer to nephesh- living god breathed creature

Question 22

Docetism and spiritual resurrection

Answer 22

-jesus was spiritually resurrected in non physical body which only had appearance of being physical
-influence from plato to believe pure mentality spiritually higher and closer to perfected being than physical matter
-didint accept divine being could have a physical human body
-docetism antitrinatarian
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Question 23

after life only eternal if they are places or states- not so symbolic or psychological

Answer 23

liberal view of bible result of human mind and not gods word
-scriptures revealed written by witnesses
-means depictions of afterlife in bible symbolic rather literal
-if we behave badly psychology effect badly

Question 24

argument against liberal view of bible for symbolic afterlife

Answer 24

-difficult to see how it could grant authority to bible if it comes from human minds
-opens everyone up to int.
-doesnt provide stable theology
-to much freedom leads to disunified chaos

Question 25

purgatory

Answer 25

-Catholic church teaching
-place of temporary punishment for those who have died after committing venial sins but havent confessed
-we can help sould be purified during purgatory by praying for them

Question 26

biblical basis for purgatory

Answer 26

-it is holy and wholesome to pray for dead, that they may be loosed form their sins- 2 maccabbes 12
-cant pray for someone in heaven in hell so part of afterlife where you can pray for dead

Question 27

biblical evidence against purgatory

Answer 27

parable of sheep and goats
-no third middle option for those inbetween
-ecclesiastes- for the living know they will die but the dead know nothing - how are the dead to pay of their sins in purgatory if they know nothing

Question 28

moral argument for purgatory existing

Answer 28

-unjust for someone to go to hell for a venial sin
-seems to conflict gods justice to allow someone sinful into heaven
-place of purgatory to cleanse minor sins to enter heaven
-best moral solution

Question 29

catholic church sales of purgatory argument against

Answer 29

-crimes committed by church like fascism, paedophile
-protestants say church corrupt
-sales of indulgences policy of CC to accept money in return for forgiveness of sins
-luther claimed purgatory fabricated by goblins

Question 30

limited election

Answer 30

-view only a few christians chosen by god before they are born receive salvation in heaven

Question 31

unlimited election

Answer 31

-all people can be saved by not all are
-idea that being a good person gets you into heaven
-since not everyone will choose to be good
-number of people in heaven potentially limited

Question 32

universalism

Answer 32

-view everyone will be saved

Question 33

augustine and exclusivism

Answer 33

-we are so corrupt by OS that genuine faith in jesus only possible with gods help- grace
-predestines some people to have and keep faith in christ and one of elect will be saved

Question 34

augustine and grace

Answer 34

-grace saves humans and allows them to heaven
-election is gods choosing to grant grace
-st paul- grace gift we cannot take credit for earning

Question 35

augustine and limited election

Answer 35

-st paul romans 8 - predestination
-our fate in afterlife fixed
-this view of election followed doctrine of OS and grace
-if we cant get into heaven god hasnt predistined us to
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Question 36

double predestination

Answer 36

-that heaven predestined for some and hell for others

Question 37

pelagius- predestination makes punishment unjust

Answer 37

-if we have OS and cannot not do evil- unjust for god to punish us for sins
-not ethical for all of humanity to be blamed for adam and eves sins
-our free will and being without coercion from OS makes sense of prevalent biblical theme of gods judgment and punishemtn

Question 38

hicks universalism

Answer 38

-all people saved
-all loving god would not damn anyone to hell
-cannot be justice for any person no matter how evil to have eternal punishment

Question 39

humes strength of hicks universalism

Answer 39

-proportionality
-punishment had to be proportional to crime
-even if hitlers actions were immoral- not just to punish finite crimes infinitely
-hell incompatible with omnibenevolence

Question 40

hicks soul making theodicy

Answer 40

-good moral behaviour needed to save but everyone has limitless chances to become virtuous
-very bad people not straight to heaven but long time to improve morally to get there

Question 41

annihilatonism

Answer 41

-although hell eternal and destination of unright death, dont spend eternity in hell but annihlated into non existence
-destroy soul and body in gehenna- matthew 10
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