death and the afterlife Flashcards
sheol
afterlife for jews in where all souls go after death of the body
-greek Hades
particular judgment
refers to gods judgment immediatly after death
general judgment
gods judgment at the end of time
gehenna
referred to jesus as place of fire sinners are sent to
state
non physical ethereal soul existence
new earth
view of heaven that end of time god will restore earth to pre fall state where resurrected bodies of right will live forever
the rich man and lazarus
-rich man igonred beggar lazarus and was sent to hell while lazarus went to heaven
-rich man asked abraham for comfort and was denied
take aways from rich mana and lazarus parable
rich man in hell before his family showing particular judgment
-heaven and hell shown as eternal physical places since rich man couldnt leave to dip his finger in cool water
-unlimited electron suggested- those who do bad go hell
-passage evidence against heaven as new earth, rich man wanted to warn his family still on earth
rich man and lazarus about sheol not heaven or hell argument
-story only mentions beggar carried by angels to bosom of abraham
-jewish theology- separate places in sheol
-right to abraham and wrong in bad place
-sheol not correctly translated
-when jesus spoke of fire he said gehenna
luther- rich man and lazarus story just a parable
-parable which symbolizes state of conscience after we do good or bad
-torment symbol for rich mans conscience
-rich man and cool water- symbolic for conscience torment
-resurrection doesnt take place until end of time so not literal
afterlife as a physical reality
pronounced culturally during medieval period
-dantes divine comedy, descriptions of heaven, hell and purgatory
-physical view of afterlife reflected extreme versions of medieval life on earth, torture and feasting common
paul on physical resurrection
-paul calls resurrection of jesus first fruits, first after which ours will follow, paul claims jesus saved us from our sinful state
-when we rise we have better body
-flesh and blood cannot inherit kingdom of god- well change
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pauls analogy of tents
-moral natural bodies like tents which are heavy burden but when jesus returns the dead and give them immortal spiritual bodies
-immortality = heaven and hell eternal
augustine and physical resurrection
-earthly bodies being raised in flesh in exalted form more believable than our spirit joined with those sinful earthly bodies
-resurrected bodies must be physical since christs was
-showed hope for all christians that they would be resurrected
ressurrection as spiritual
-jesus appeared to disciples after he rose from dead
-he could disappear and appear at will- spiritual not physical
-our resurrection non physical to and after life non physical
-st paul says future bodies spiritual
argument against resurrection being spiritual
-jesus physical body gone upon his resurrection, shows he was raised physically. suggests it was his physical body that was resurrected but perfected form
-pauls description of resurrected body as spiritual and other spiritual earthly form was non physical
idea of new earth and physical afterlife
-idea that heaven is a future perfected state of earth,
-after final judgment resurrected bodies of right will have eternal life there. suggestive of physical resurrection and physical afterlife
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N T Wright
-argues heaven as new earth by pointing to sermon on mount where jesus says, your kingdom come your will be done as earth it is in heaven
-argues this means kingdom of heaven soverign tule of heaven coming to earth
pentinent thief against new earth
-a theif was cruficied nezt to jesus
-he was remorseful for his actions
-jesus said today you will be in paradise with me
-heaven existed at that time and isnt future state of earth
-particular judgment immediately after death
-those who repent saved- unlimited election
st paul on presence with christ after death
-letter to philippians
-immediately after death there will be presence with christ ( particular judgment )
-paul spoke clearly of resurrection so not trying to replace general judgment- in addition to
N T Wright against paul letter to phillipians
-john 14 and luke 23- have verses of with me in paradise
-none of them mention psyche
-if early christians wanted to day part that lives on they should have
-western theology to heavily influenced by platos view of soul despite being rejected by jewish
-christians wrong in saying soul means eternal going on
-soul in gospel closer to nephesh- living god breathed creature
Docetism and spiritual resurrection
-jesus was spiritually resurrected in non physical body which only had appearance of being physical
-influence from plato to believe pure mentality spiritually higher and closer to perfected being than physical matter
-didint accept divine being could have a physical human body
-docetism antitrinatarian
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after life only eternal if they are places or states- not so symbolic or psychological
liberal view of bible result of human mind and not gods word
-scriptures revealed written by witnesses
-means depictions of afterlife in bible symbolic rather literal
-if we behave badly psychology effect badly
argument against liberal view of bible for symbolic afterlife
-difficult to see how it could grant authority to bible if it comes from human minds
-opens everyone up to int.
-doesnt provide stable theology
-to much freedom leads to disunified chaos
purgatory
-Catholic church teaching
-place of temporary punishment for those who have died after committing venial sins but havent confessed
-we can help sould be purified during purgatory by praying for them
biblical basis for purgatory
-it is holy and wholesome to pray for dead, that they may be loosed form their sins- 2 maccabbes 12
-cant pray for someone in heaven in hell so part of afterlife where you can pray for dead
biblical evidence against purgatory
parable of sheep and goats
-no third middle option for those inbetween
-ecclesiastes- for the living know they will die but the dead know nothing - how are the dead to pay of their sins in purgatory if they know nothing
moral argument for purgatory existing
-unjust for someone to go to hell for a venial sin
-seems to conflict gods justice to allow someone sinful into heaven
-place of purgatory to cleanse minor sins to enter heaven
-best moral solution
catholic church sales of purgatory argument against
-crimes committed by church like fascism, paedophile
-protestants say church corrupt
-sales of indulgences policy of CC to accept money in return for forgiveness of sins
-luther claimed purgatory fabricated by goblins
limited election
-view only a few christians chosen by god before they are born receive salvation in heaven
unlimited election
-all people can be saved by not all are
-idea that being a good person gets you into heaven
-since not everyone will choose to be good
-number of people in heaven potentially limited
universalism
-view everyone will be saved
augustine and exclusivism
-we are so corrupt by OS that genuine faith in jesus only possible with gods help- grace
-predestines some people to have and keep faith in christ and one of elect will be saved
augustine and grace
-grace saves humans and allows them to heaven
-election is gods choosing to grant grace
-st paul- grace gift we cannot take credit for earning
augustine and limited election
-st paul romans 8 - predestination
-our fate in afterlife fixed
-this view of election followed doctrine of OS and grace
-if we cant get into heaven god hasnt predistined us to
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double predestination
-that heaven predestined for some and hell for others
pelagius- predestination makes punishment unjust
-if we have OS and cannot not do evil- unjust for god to punish us for sins
-not ethical for all of humanity to be blamed for adam and eves sins
-our free will and being without coercion from OS makes sense of prevalent biblical theme of gods judgment and punishemtn
hicks universalism
-all people saved
-all loving god would not damn anyone to hell
-cannot be justice for any person no matter how evil to have eternal punishment
humes strength of hicks universalism
-proportionality
-punishment had to be proportional to crime
-even if hitlers actions were immoral- not just to punish finite crimes infinitely
-hell incompatible with omnibenevolence
hicks soul making theodicy
-good moral behaviour needed to save but everyone has limitless chances to become virtuous
-very bad people not straight to heaven but long time to improve morally to get there
annihilatonism
-although hell eternal and destination of unright death, dont spend eternity in hell but annihlated into non existence
-destroy soul and body in gehenna- matthew 10
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