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developments in christian thought > augustines teachings on human nature > Flashcards

augustines teachings on human nature Flashcards

1
Q

will

A

the part of human nature that makes free choices

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2
Q

sin

A

disobeying the will and commands of god

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3
Q

grace

A

gods free and undeserved love for humanity shown by jesus death

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4
Q

the fall

A

adam and eve ate forbidden fruit and ruined gods relationship with reality

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5
Q

neoplatonism

A

philosophical thinking arising from ideas of plato

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6
Q

redeemed

A

saved from the sin by christ

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7
Q

concordia

A

human friendship

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8
Q

cupiditas

A

a love of worldly things and selfish desires

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9
Q

caritas

A

generous undeserving love
latin for agape

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10
Q

consupiscence

A

uncontrollable desire for physical pleasures and material things

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11
Q

ecclesia

A

heavenly society in contrast with earthly society

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12
Q

summum bonum

A

highest most supreme good

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13
Q

whats describes in genesis 1

A

humans pinnacle of creation
-creation ordered
-in his image and likeness

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14
Q

god and humanity pre fall

A

-good relationship
-friendship
-adam and eve made stewards
-told to not eat fruit

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15
Q

augustines view of adam and eve pre fall

A

harmony between will, reason and body
-human will was a balance between powers of self love and generous love and in eden both were in harmony

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16
Q

adam and eves relationship pre fall

A

-friendship
friends with god
-married as friends
-could reproduce but sex not lust driven

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17
Q

human will for augustine

A

given to humans by god at creation and used to make choices
-driven by self love and generous love which work together to help people choose to love god properly

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18
Q

genesis 3 the fall account

A

-serpent tempts eve to eat fruit from tree of knowledge
-realise their naked for their mistake
-hide from god
-he finds out and banishes serpent
-banishes Adam and eve from Eden

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19
Q

punishment of men and woman because of fall

A

woman have hard childbirth and desire and follow men
-men have to work hard to earn living

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20
Q

augustines int. of adam and eves nakedness

A

shame and nakedness and punishment to eve of lust and subordination shows male female relation after fall

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21
Q

augustines int. of what happens after fall

A

-lust
-harmony lost between man and god
-not body but will corrupted

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22
Q

paul romans quote of will clouded by bad intentions because of fall

A

i do not understand what i do
-for what i want to do i do not do but what i hate to do

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23
Q

genesis 3 quote knowing good and evil

A

the man has now become like one of us, knowing good and evil

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24
Q

arguments arguing augustines teaching on a historical fall are wrong

A

-doesnt make sense to say adam and eve were tempted. if augustine says everything was perfect they shouldnt have been able to think about disobeying god
-textual analysis shows different authors of genesis, account validity down
-evolution, humans evolved rather than coming from Eden

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25
Q

arguments arguing augustines teaching of a historical fall are wrong

A

-christians find it helpfull like showing dominance of men and lust
-can have use and maybe should be taken literally because of its influence
-

26
Q

original sin as effect of fall

A

-sin of adam and eve passed through generations so everyone deserved punishment

27
Q

corrupted wills effect on platonic relations

A

friendships exist but corrupted will moves us away from good and ruins us

28
Q

concupiscence as effect of the fall

A

-takes over human will so choices warped and tend to choose selfish desires
-augustine would never meet a woman on his own

29
Q

protestants view of concupiscence -

A

-believe concupiscence is a sin in itself
-fall entirely corrupted human nature and cant be dealt with humans alone
-

30
Q

catholics view of concupiscence

A

-human nature has been weakened and people must struggle against concupiscence
-believe what causes sin not a sin itself

31
Q

human nature quote city of god

A

-human nature is without any doubt ashamed about lust and rightly ashamed

32
Q

double death of humans

A

-first death destroyed relation with god and humanity
-second death we’ll all go through as a result of being mortal

33
Q

catechism on sin being passed down quote

A

-the whole human race is in adam as one body of one man
-by the unity of the human race all men are implicated in adams sin ass all in christs justice

34
Q

augustines teachings of original sin are right

A

-idea of concupiscence links well to our experience of temptation and why humans effected
-idea of physical desires being in control backed by psychologists
-original sin explains why god allows humans to sin in world and remain god of love- shows free will

35
Q

arguments arguing augustines teachings of original sin are wrong

A

-even if fall true its unfair for humans to be effect today by it
-augustines teachings of original sin have truths but he struggles himself with lust
-evolution shows human have loads of ancestors so original sin cant have come from only adam and eve

36
Q

augustine on predestination

A

-humans are not free and are decided where theyre gnna go before they are born
-even if humans life a pure life they are still effected by concupiscence
-push through lives and hope god has chosen them to go to heaven
-free will given by god but humans corrupted will

37
Q

gods grace for augustine

A

-need gods grace to be chosen to go to heaven
-free gift for humanity
-death of jesus
-humans move away from god despite grace because of original sin
-gods generous so some go to heaven

38
Q

augustine and sommum bonum

A

-highest good
-for those who have faith in god and whom god has chosen
-platos form of good and summum bonum
-only acheived in presence of god
-state person is when in heaven
-grace overcomes humans badness

39
Q

arguments arguing sin means humans can never be morally good

A

-free will gift and must be preserved, humans use it badly so never good
-true goodness sommum bonum so humans always lack some goodness
-wrong to object idea that humans on basis of gods grace because humans faulty
-gods grace and love doesnt make people good

40
Q

arguments arguing sin doesnt not prevent people from being morally good

A

-gods grace has real impact on people, helps them
-catholic view of concupiscence being inclination to sin rather a sin means humans can choose moral goodness
-all loving god would not condemn humans
-immortality doesnt come from venial everyday sins but serious mortal sins CC

41
Q

human societies effected by the fall

A

lacked stability
-harmony in Eden where politics and authority not needed and direct relation with god cant work in todays societies
-

42
Q

the state for augustine

A

-punishment for fallen humanity
-has powers to punish kill and give orders
-encouraged slavery in his time
-

43
Q

augustine on 2 types of cities

A

earthly city- governed by material forces where those condemned to hell exist
-heavenly city- those chosen exist
-

44
Q

augustines 3 types of peace

A

-peace found in city of god- perfect peace
-temporal peace all societies aim for
-inner peace for those living in city of god as chosen ones

45
Q

augustines view of human societies summarised

A

–fall broke relation with god and man
-banishment from Eden leading to new form of leader
-OS and concupiscence driving force of human nature
-politics and law to promote earthly peace
-ultimate aim from city of god different peace
-city of god only for those chosen by god

46
Q

argumentd arguing there is a distinctive human nature

A

-seen in society and individuals
-some nature shown in men and women- men assertive and women passive
-scientists argue humans flourish and survive built in them- evolution
-Rosseau says humans have tendency to be generous but society holds them back
-Thomas Hobbes humans like animals, selfish beings need to use reason to overcome animals

47
Q

arguments arguing there isnt distinctive human nature

A

-Freud, humans governed by memories and feelings repressed into unconcious minds
-Satre, we build who we are through own choices and decisions
-as many socities different human natures different
-Locke, tabula rasa, blank slate and surroundings influence us
-christians say own relation with god built through choices, no right way to be human

48
Q

pelagius

A

clashed with augustine over free will
-declared heretic by church
-views against the church

49
Q

augustine vs pelagius OS

A

-augustine- adams sins effect all people, fall gives guilt to whole human race

pelagius- created in same state as adam but responsible for own sins, become sinners when we choose to sin not at birth

50
Q

arguments for augustine being optimist

A

-teachings of grace- grace undeserved
-heaven peace is a reality and something that can be achieved , christian must always live life in hope they are chosen one
-church helps christians on journey and there to guide people on earth towards summum bonum as well as earthly peace

51
Q

arguments for augustine being pessimistic

A

-we are tainted from birth through a fault that isnt ours
-little opportunity to develop away from out state, free will downplayed and hell certainty for some
-through life we are driven by concupiscence as negative force that controls us

52
Q

scientific evidence against the fall

A

-geneticists claim we have evidence of genetic diversity
-evolved not created
-not possible for humanity to descend from two people
-lions of the father wrong
-homunculus theory wrong
-

53
Q

augustine defended against scientific evidence against fall

A

-views of human nature corrupted by original sin derived from observation of humans and society
-right about origional sin even if unsure about fall
-Gk Chesterson- see evidence for original sin on the street
-R. Niebuhr- empirically verifiable christian doctrine

54
Q

pelagius- augustines observations reflect his society not human nature

A

-educated in evil- bad because how we are raised not because of corrupted will
-long habit of doing wrong infected us from childhood and corrupted us over years- aqcuired into force of nature
-MLK- acr of human reason long but towards justice
-average life more secure now- if augustine was right human nature wouldnt have imporved but it has

55
Q

pelagius- predestination makes punishment unjust

A

-if we have OS and unable to avoid doing evil
-unjust to be punished
-not ethical for humanity to be blamed
-people responsible for actions they havent committed
-

56
Q

punishment if just for sinfull beings defense of augustine

A

-isnt arguing god blames humanity for adams sins
-in adams loins we became infected with original sin
-predestination isnt unjust god but we are corrupted by OS so we deserve hell
-his grace cant be unjust not his justice cruel

57
Q

pelagius- god commands moral action so we must be capable of moral goodness- weakness of augustine

A

bible full of humans doing good and avoiding evil
-why be good if going hell anyway leads to bad attitude
-god commands moral action
have free will to do them
-original sin does not inhibit us

58
Q

augstine strength
-biblical evidence against pelagian free will

A

-humans can desire good actions but only with gods grace
-paul clear that human ability to do good power of god
-love greater than free will but then praise of humans greater than gods grace
-love gift from god and due to him we can do good
-if we receive love by divine grace out good actions not from human free will but god

59
Q
A
60
Q
A

developments in christian thought (5 decks)

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