Gender And Sexual Identity Flashcards
What are OAKLEY’S key concepts?
Manipulation
Canalisation
Domestic Activities
Verbal Appellations
What does OAKLEY believe?
That primary socialisation is key to developing gender identity within the family.
What is MANIPULATION (Oakley)?
Encouraging and discouraging certain behaviours regarding gender.
What is CANALISATION (Oakley)?
Directing toy, clothes and play choices
What is VERBAL APPELLATIONS (Oakley)?
Parents using stereotypical characteristics / descriptions
What is DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES (Oakley)?
Expectations around responsibilities
Daughters should be house wives etc.
What are MCROBBIE’S key concepts?
“Cult of femininity” and “bedroom culture”
What does MCROBBIE suggest?
That subcultures are MALE DOMINATED, hence why there isn’t any research into girls
Who did MCROBBIE study?
46 working class girls ages 14-16.
Who had a restricted future
What is NAKUAMARA’S key concept?
“Forum for support”
What did NAKUAMARA find?
That women are significantly stereotyped in the media and that they use the media as a way of seeking help when they face discrimination.
What does BILLINGTON argue?
That the media presents genders in different ways.
Males are dominant.
Femininity is subordinate
What are BILLINGTON’S key concepts?
Femininity is subordinate
Masculinity is dominant
What are MITSOS and BROWN’s key concepts?
“Culture of Masculinity”
“Anti-learning culture”
What do MITSOS and BROWN suggest?
Suggest that teachers label boys as disruptive .
Anti learning culture is reinforced by socialising students into gender roles.
What is SKELTON’S key concept?
“Hidden curriculum”
What does SKELTON say about the “hidden curriculum”
That it is responsible for students’ subject choices towards their gender.
Boys : PE, Maths
Girls : Photography, Art
What does MAC an GHAIL study?
Working class boys in the inner city in the Midlands and their values.
What does WILLIS study explain?
How the 12 working class boys he studied didn’t value education and looked into how they behaved.
What is WILLIS’s key concept?
Anti school subculture
What is COLLEY’s study about?
That we are socialised into masculine or feminine identity. There are tasks within the subject that make us choose certain subjects.
What is COLLEY’s key concept?
“Perception of Gender Roles”
“Subject preferences”
What is KELLY’s study about?
How science is packaged as a boys subject. Text books include images such as footballs and cars.
What is a CRITICISM of KELLY’s research?
STEM exists - there is equality and diversity training.
What is ADKINS’s study about?
How the labour market had a gendered character and that there were expectations within a theme park to do certain roles?
What does ADKINS concept of HORIZONTAL SEGREGATION mean?
The expectations to do different jobs
What does ADKINS concept of VERTICAL SEGREGATION mean?
Men and women are expected to do the same jobs but men have higher status
What did ADKINS find?
That female employers were subjected to facing sexual harassment.
What did MCCORMACK look into?
6th form colleges and the attitudes to sexuality.
What did MCCORMACK find?
It was a more positive and accepting environment.
What does WEEKS discuss?
How it’s not the norm to be gay or lesbian.
It’s something you need to announce when talking about yourself.
What is RICH’s key concept?
Compulsory Heterosexuality
What does RICH discuss?
Women’s sexuality is oppressed by men’s.
Believe that the majority of women are not inheritely heterosexual.
Lesbian identity is written out of existence.
What is PLUMMER’s key concept? And what does it mean?
“Homosexual career”
Men accepting the label of homosexual and will seek to join a subculture where stereotypical homosexual characteristics become the norm
What does PLUMMER see homosexuality as?
A process.
