gender and age related factors Flashcards

1
Q

what are some reasons ACL injuries are more common in women?

A

low H:Q strength ratio & greater Q angle

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2
Q

why are weak hamstrings a problem?

A

the imbalance between hamstrings and quads results in an unstable knee joint

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3
Q

degeneration of muscles due specifically to aging

A

sarcpenia

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4
Q

true or false: people who are stronger live longer

A

true!!!!!

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5
Q

prior to puberty strength gains in youth are primarily _________

A

neurological

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6
Q

when is injury risk the highest for youth?

A

during Peak Height Velocity

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7
Q

what is PHV?

A

Peak Height Velocity (growth spirt- the time when their height is increasing the most and at the highest rate)

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8
Q

Woman’s maximal mean total body strength is ____ of mens

A

65%

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9
Q

women’s upper body strength is only _____ of men’s upper body strength

A

25%-55%

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10
Q

women’s lower body strength is ____ of men’s lower body strength

A

70-75%

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11
Q

True or false: women are weaker in absolute measure in their lower body, but equal in relative comparisons

A

True

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12
Q

women have a _______ transformation from type IIx to IIA compared to men

A

faster

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13
Q

women generally gain strength at the same rate or faster than men but …..

A

the gains plateau off faster then the gains that men see.

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14
Q

what are some main issue that a trainer should address when training women?

A

1) less stable knee joint: strength hamstrings
2) low bone density: load the bones
3) weak upper body: work upper body

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15
Q

True or False: When men and women are compared relative to muscle CSA, women are weaker

A

False

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16
Q

what are the 4 factor a trainer should consider when working with youth?

A

1) general physical health
2) psychological
3) system development
4) physical dimensions

17
Q

what psychological factor are there for youth specifically?

A

do they have the capacity to focus? do they have the motivation to push their limits?

18
Q

what considerations are there with regards to system development with youth training?

A

neurological development: coordination

19
Q

describe the difference between chronological and biological age

A

large variation in the rate of growth in children and between genders. Chronological refers to years and biological refers to their physical and mental development.

20
Q

is chronological or biological age more important to consider?

A

biological

21
Q

when are the typical years of puberty onset for girls?

A

8-13

22
Q

when are the typical years of puberty onset for boys?

A

9-15

23
Q

what system sees the most gains with youth training?

A

neuromuscular

24
Q

even though muscle mass gains are not significant until puberty, what do neuromuscular adaptation mean for youth?

A

improved motor control and coordination patterns

25
Q

true or false: strength training for adolescence can potentially stunt growth

A

false.

26
Q

what is the most vulnerable body structure for youth training?

A

epiphyseal plate

27
Q

what is the most important thing to remember when training youth?

A

underestimate rather than overestimate and always supervise

28
Q

what is the adequate recovery time for youth trainees?

A

2 days between work outs

29
Q

what is the aging paradox?

A

skinny fat guy: decrease in muscle power and increase in body mass (adipose tissue)

30
Q

describe frailty syndrome

A

extreme wight loss, frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis… all this increases the changes of falling

31
Q

high strength group had ___ the risk of developing functional limitations compared to low strength group

A

half