gender and age related factors Flashcards
what are some reasons ACL injuries are more common in women?
low H:Q strength ratio & greater Q angle
why are weak hamstrings a problem?
the imbalance between hamstrings and quads results in an unstable knee joint
degeneration of muscles due specifically to aging
sarcpenia
true or false: people who are stronger live longer
true!!!!!
prior to puberty strength gains in youth are primarily _________
neurological
when is injury risk the highest for youth?
during Peak Height Velocity
what is PHV?
Peak Height Velocity (growth spirt- the time when their height is increasing the most and at the highest rate)
Woman’s maximal mean total body strength is ____ of mens
65%
women’s upper body strength is only _____ of men’s upper body strength
25%-55%
women’s lower body strength is ____ of men’s lower body strength
70-75%
True or false: women are weaker in absolute measure in their lower body, but equal in relative comparisons
True
women have a _______ transformation from type IIx to IIA compared to men
faster
women generally gain strength at the same rate or faster than men but …..
the gains plateau off faster then the gains that men see.
what are some main issue that a trainer should address when training women?
1) less stable knee joint: strength hamstrings
2) low bone density: load the bones
3) weak upper body: work upper body
True or False: When men and women are compared relative to muscle CSA, women are weaker
False
what are the 4 factor a trainer should consider when working with youth?
1) general physical health
2) psychological
3) system development
4) physical dimensions
what psychological factor are there for youth specifically?
do they have the capacity to focus? do they have the motivation to push their limits?
what considerations are there with regards to system development with youth training?
neurological development: coordination
describe the difference between chronological and biological age
large variation in the rate of growth in children and between genders. Chronological refers to years and biological refers to their physical and mental development.
is chronological or biological age more important to consider?
biological
when are the typical years of puberty onset for girls?
8-13
when are the typical years of puberty onset for boys?
9-15
what system sees the most gains with youth training?
neuromuscular
even though muscle mass gains are not significant until puberty, what do neuromuscular adaptation mean for youth?
improved motor control and coordination patterns
true or false: strength training for adolescence can potentially stunt growth
false.
what is the most vulnerable body structure for youth training?
epiphyseal plate
what is the most important thing to remember when training youth?
underestimate rather than overestimate and always supervise
what is the adequate recovery time for youth trainees?
2 days between work outs
what is the aging paradox?
skinny fat guy: decrease in muscle power and increase in body mass (adipose tissue)
describe frailty syndrome
extreme wight loss, frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis… all this increases the changes of falling
high strength group had ___ the risk of developing functional limitations compared to low strength group
half
