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Strength And Conditioning > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the endocrine system?

A

supports the normal homeostatic function of the human body and helps it respond to external stimuli

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2
Q

why is it important for strength and conditioning professionals to have an understanding of the endocrine system?

A

increases insight into how an exercise prescription can enable hormones to mediate optimal adaptations to resistance training

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3
Q

what is the only natural stimulus for increases in lean tissue mass?

A

resistance training

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4
Q

changes in hormonal concentrations following exercise effect what?

A

tissue adaptations

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5
Q

what are hormones?

A

chemical messengers that are synthesized, stored, and released into the blood by endocrine glands

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6
Q

Endocrine glands

A

body structures specialized for secretion

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7
Q

neuroendocrinology

A

the study of the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system

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8
Q

what are 3 mechanisms of hormone secretion?

A

1) secretion into the blood
2) Autocrine secretion
3) paracrine secretion

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9
Q

what is autocrine secretion?

A

cell releases the hormone inside the cell itself- hormone does no leave the cell it was produced in

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10
Q

what is paracrine secretion?

A

cell releases hormone to adjacent cells-circulation not needed to put hormone in contact with target cell

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11
Q

name an unusual characteristic of skeletal muscle

A

it has multinucleated cells

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12
Q

why is multinucleate cells significant in muscle cells?

A

different parts of the cell are regulated by different nuclei (domains). this allows for differential regulation of protein metabolism along the length of a muscle fiber

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13
Q

what body systems are involved in remodeling muscles?

A

endocrine, nervous, and immune

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14
Q

what is the most prominent resistance training adaptation in the muscle?

A

increase in the amount of a muscle’s contractile proteins: actin and myosin

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15
Q

2 important steps in muscle growth:

A

increase in protein synthesis and decrease in protein degradation

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16
Q

what muscle fiber type depends more on decrease in protein degradation for growth?

A

type I

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17
Q

what muscle type depends more on increased protein synthesis?

A

type II

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18
Q

anabolic hormones

A

hormones that promote tissue building and block the negative effects of catabolic hormones

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19
Q

catabolic hormones

A

hormones that promote the degrading of tissue (protein to support glucose synthesis)

20
Q

what is a T/C Ration?

A

ration of testosterone to cortisol

21
Q

with relation to the T/C ration, what will happen with more stressful training sessions?

A

the ratio will decrease

22
Q

what may happen to the T/C ration if an athlete multiple high stress training sessions without sufficient recovery?

A

this ration may be chronically low- chronically high levels of cortisol

23
Q

what effect does testosterone have on motor neurons?

A

1) Increase MU recruitment and force production

2) increase size of nerve cell body

24
Q

how does testosterone enter the cell?

A

diffuse across cell membrane and bind to androgen receptors

25
Q

what hormone initiates genes to increase protein synthesis and satellite cell fusion?

A

testosterone

26
Q

testosterone in the blood

A

most is bound to proteins- 2% is free

27
Q

what hormones does the medulla of the adrenal glands secrete?

A

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

28
Q

what hormones does the cortex of the adrenal glands secrete?

A

corticosteroids: glucocorticoids and cortisol

29
Q

name the 3 lobes of the pituitary gland

A

1) anterior
2) intermediate
3) posterior

30
Q

Non-steroid hormones interact with cell by…

A

lock & key: certain hormones bind to specific receptors causing either a direct effect or initiating a secondary cell messenger

31
Q

where is growth hormone secreted from?

A

anterior pituitary gland

32
Q

name 6 metabolic actions growth hormone induces

A

1) increase in triglyceride breakdown
2) glucose output by liver
3) decrease in muscle glucose uptake
4) increase in blood fatty acids
5) increase in fat metabolism
6) increase in blood glucose

33
Q

what are 2 relevant effects of growth hormone stimulation?

A

protein synthesis and lengthening/thickening of bones

34
Q

lipid based hormones are ___________, which means _____________

A

hydrophobic; they are lipid soluble and can diffuse across cell membrane

35
Q

protein based hormones are ____________, which means ___________

A

hydrophillic; they need receptors to interact with the cell

36
Q

name the 2 classes of hormones

A

peptide and steroid

37
Q

what are the 2 main hormones secreted by the pancreas

A

Insulin and Glucagon

38
Q

Men have _______ times more testosterone than women

A

10-20

39
Q

are the functions of testosterone largely catabolic or anabolic? explain

A

anabolic. Testosterone is responsible for stimulating growth and development

40
Q

where is cortisol produced?

A

adrenal gland

41
Q

what are the functions of cortisol? (anabolic or catabolic)

A

catabolic

42
Q

what does cortisol stimulate?

A

conversion of proteins to carbohydrates

43
Q

describe the effects of cortisol with regards to resistance training

A

effects are the opposite of resistance training goals. (ex: protein conversion), therefore chronically high levels of cortisol are detrimental. (acute effects are fine- help in tissue reformation)

44
Q

What hormones are involved with “flight or fight” response?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

45
Q

what are the 2 types of glands?

A

exocrine: secrete to ducts
endocrine: secrete into the bloodstream

Strength And Conditioning (13 decks)

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