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Strength And Conditioning > Biomechanics > Flashcards

Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

define Mechanics

A

Study of forces and motions produced by their action

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2
Q

define Biomechanics

A

Study of the mechanical causes and effects of on human movement/performance; The application of mechanical laws to living structures

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3
Q

why is the study of biomechanics important?

A

helps us understand how we generate/control movements

understanding of what mechanical/anatomical factor/features limit movement outcomes?

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4
Q

what are some of the other branches of biomechanics?

A

Orthopedic Biomechanics
Occupational Biomechanics
Animal Biomechanics

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5
Q

sagittal plane; give some examples of movements in a sagittal plane

A

divides the body into left and right; forward lunge

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6
Q

coronal plane; give some examples of movements in a coronal plane

A

divides the body into front and back; adduction or adduction of arms or jumping jacks

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7
Q

transverse plane; give some examples of movements in a transverse plane

A

divides the body into top and bottom; turning head or swinging a bat

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8
Q

anterior; example?

A

in front of

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9
Q

posterior; example?

A

behind

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10
Q

proximal; example?

A

closer to the trunk or midline

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11
Q

distal; example?

A

farther from the trunk or midline

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12
Q

Superior; example?

A

closer to the head or above

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13
Q

inferior; example?

A

closer to the feet or below

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14
Q

lateral; example?

A

farther from the midline or outside

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15
Q

medial; example?

A

closer to the midline or inside

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16
Q

give examples of adduction/abduction

A

…

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17
Q

describe plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

A

…

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18
Q

give some example of flexion and extension

A

…

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19
Q

describe supination and pronation

A

…

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20
Q

describe inversion and eversion

A

…

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21
Q

describe circumduction

A

…

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22
Q

describe internal and external rotation

A

…

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23
Q

describe lateral flexion

A

Pertains to the trunk (Cervical, lumbar regions)

24
Q

true or false: muscles can only pull not push

A

true

25
Q

joints

A

Junctions of bones

26
Q

fibrous joints allow for _____ movement. ______ is an example of a fibrous joint.

A

no; skull sutures

27
Q

Cartilaginous joints allow for _____ movement. ______ is an example of a fibrous joint.

A

limited; pubic symphasis

28
Q

Synovial joints allow for _____ movement. ______ is an example of a fibrous joint.

A

maximal; knee

29
Q

movement in ____ plane is defined as ____ degree of motion

A

1,2,or3

30
Q

Uniaxial joints

A

rotate about one axis

31
Q

Biaxial joints

A

allow movement about two perpendicular axes.

32
Q

Multiaxial joints

A

including the shoulder and hip ball-and-socket joints, allow movement about all three perpendicular axes that define space.

33
Q

the spine has ___ cervical, ___ thoracic, ___ lumbar, ___ saccral, and ___ coccyx vertebrae

A

7,12,5.1,1

34
Q

Origin is the ______ attachment

A

proximal

35
Q

insertion is the _______ attachment

A

distal (usually more mobile)

36
Q

agonist

A

The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement. This is also known as the prime mover.

37
Q

antagonist

A

A muscle that can slow down or stop the movement. The antagonist assists in joint stabilization.

38
Q

a mechanism to increase joint stability

A

antagonist co-activation

39
Q

synergist muscle

A

muscle that assists indirectly in a movement

40
Q

2 Broad categories of assessing characteristics of human movement

A

kinematics and kinetics

41
Q

description of motion

A

kinematics

42
Q

study of forces (in this context-forces causing motion of the body)

A

kinetics

43
Q

force

A

push or pull that tends to produce acceleration

44
Q

factors considered in an injury

A 
magnitude
Location
Direction
Duration
Frequency
Variability
Rate
45
Q

vector

A

quantity having both magnitude and direction

46
Q

scalar

A

has only magnitude

47
Q

vectors may be combined, the new vector is called

A

resultant vector

48
Q

name the 4 properties of force

A

magnitude
direction
point of application
line of action

49
Q

The turning effect of a force

A

torque

50
Q

Force X Distance = _______

A

torque

51
Q

moment arm

A

Perpendicular distance from the line of force to the axis of rotation

52
Q

what 2 components is moment arm divided into?

A

force/effort arm and resistance arm

53
Q

lever

A

a rigid bar (bone) that can rotate about a fixed point when a force is applied to overcome resistance

54
Q

name the 3 parts of a lever

A

1) Fulcrum
2) Load/Resistance
3) Effort/Force

55
Q

class 1 lever: the __________ is in the middle

A

fulcrum

56
Q

class 2 lever: the ________ is in the middle

A

resistance force

57
Q

class 3 lever: the _________ is in the middle

A

applied force (muscle force) is in the middle

Strength And Conditioning (13 decks)

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