gender Flashcards
Parsons - Gender (traditional)
Roles in the family- males have an instrumental role in the family as the breadwinner, due to their physical strength, reinforced by socialisation. Females have an expressive role in the family this is based on their natural childbearing role, but is also reinforced by socialisation.
Oakley - Gender (traditional)
Traditional gender identity- the family may create and reinforce hegemonic gender identity through manipulation, canalisation, verbal appellations and domestic activities.
McRobbie - Gender (traditional)
Bedroom culture- the bedroom is still female dominated, women were likely to hide away in their bedrooms to get away from the male dominated world. Culture of femininity-females have created this culture for themselves, includes having a best friend, talking about fashion and makeup and is a reason for bedroom culture forming.
Nakuamura - Gender (traditional)
Media- women are increasingly using the internet and digital communications despite being stereotyped in the media. They use internet forums and digital communications for support when facing discrimination or inequality.
Billington - Gender (traditional)
Media- the media presents masculinity as dominant and femininity as subordinate.
Ferguson - Gender (traditional)
Cult of femininity- content analysis of women’s magazines. They presented the idea that excellence is achieved through caring for others, family, marriage and appearance.
Mitsos and Browne - Gender (traditional)
Education- teachers tend to give boys more leeway allowing them to do worse in education by underachieving, more likely to be labelled as destructive and have a ‘culture of masculinity’ linking to an antisocial subculture.
Willis - Gender (traditional)
Workers- young working class boys or lads would go into manual work like their fathers and defined themselves as manual workers, it became part of their identities.
Skelton - Gender (traditional)
Hidden curriculum- responsible for perpetuating gender differences in subject choice: teachers push you to do it, genders of teachers in each subject, teachers labelling students, uniforms, how people act around you.
Kelly - Gender (traditional)
Science- is portrayed in a way to make it appeal to boys with the textbooks containing things they like such as footballs.
Colley - Gender (traditional)
Subject choices- affected by perception of gender roles- typically masculine or feminine subjects, subject preferences- types of tasks in each subject and their learning environment- influenced if it’s a single or mix sex school.
Mac an Ghail - Gender (traditional)
Crisis of masculinity- when men were made redundant from steel work jobs, they lost the breadwinner role causing them to feel a loss of status and identity.
Adkins - Gender (traditional)
Gendered jobs- horizontal- men and women occupy certain jobs based on hegemonic gender identities, vertical- men occupy the top positions and women are clustered at the bottom.
Connell - Gender (changing)
4 types of masculinity- hegemonic- traditional/ dominant heterosexual masculinity (Oakley), complicit- men believe that men and women should share roles in the family (Mort), subordinate- less powerful and have less status homosexual masculinity (McCormack), Marginalised- men who held traditional masculine jobs now feel under threat since they lost their jobs (Mac an Ghail).
Abbott - Gender (changing)
New masculinities- the mid 1980s saw a rise in men’s fashion magazines, consumption of men’s toiletries and sales of men’s designer label clothing. The cultural code which normally reinforced differences between masculine and feminine was becoming blurred.
