age Flashcards
Parsons - Youth
Independence- adolescence is a time when children begin to develop independence from their parents.
Griffin - Youth
Moral panic- may portray youths as a social problem in 3 ways: dysfunctional, suffering a deficit and deviant. They may amplify their deviance and create a ‘moral panic’.
McRobbie - Youth
Explains bedroom culture, which describes the way young girls spend their leisure time with their peer groups in their bedroom, (a safe environment). They are socialised into traditional gender norms via a ‘cult of femininity’ - which places focus on attracting boys and appearance.
Sewell - Youth
Explains how young Afro Caribbean boys were in a subculture defined by ‘hyper masculinity’ and members gain status by imitating black role models (often rap stars). Peer group membership gives them a sense of purpose and belonging.
They were part on an ‘Anti school subculture’ where they have norms and values that go against schools expectations, such as, no high career aims and a ‘get rich quick’ attitude.
Willis - Youth
Explains that ‘working class lads’ had no career aims or goals and rejected school because they see it as irrelevant to them and the manual labour jobs they will end up with. They were fatalistic and followed in their fathers footsteps of unskilled work, therefore didn’t see the need for academic achievement. Peer pressure encourages disruptive behaviour.
Brannen - Middle age
Explained that for many people, middle age is a time when they shoulder many caring responsibilities. Middle aged people are facing a dual burden where they are responsible for 2 jobs - caring for their children and parents, it’s a double responsibility. They are in the pivot generation as they are sandwiched in between the younger generation and older generation.
Saunders - Middle age
Explains that the media may target middle aged people as consumers because they have the highest disposable income to spend on luxuries. Middle aged people are conspicuous consumers as they spend money on goods and services for the purpose of displaying their income or wealth. They do this through buying status symbols, often influenced heavily by advertising and the media.
Hodkinson - Middle age
Explains that a primary feature of a subculture is being part of something that can continue to middle age. Studied goths and found that their level of commitment around being a Goth can result in social lives that are ‘so intertwined that it would feel very odd to leave’. (Inclusion)
Willis - Middle age
Lads- working class ‘lads’ defined themselves as manual labour workers and membership to this occupation was the key defining feature of their middle aged identities.
Mac an Ghail - Middle age
Explains how once working class middle aged men were made redundant from steel work jobs, they felt a ‘loss of identity’ due to tight knit communities. Their loss of the breadwinner role led to a feeling of loss of status and identity.
Parsons - Old age
Disengagement theory- elderly have less status in society, disengagement theory= elderly people disengage with previous roles.
Carrigan and Szmigin - Old age
Studied old people in the media and advertising and found whilst older consumers have grown in numbers, they are less likely to be portrayed in adverts than younger people, they are seen as smelly and incontinent. They desire to see them portrayed positively.
Sontag - Old age
Suggest there is a double standard of ageing, especially in television, where women are required to be youthful in media careers and men are not. For example, This Morning - Philip Schofield remains as ‘silver fox’ whilst Holly Willoughby is young new replacement of Fern Britton.
Clarke and Warren - Old age
Says that old age is a time to make friends and engage in new interests, active ageing is the process of optimising opportunities for health, participation and security, in order to whence quality of life as people age. Supported with University of the Third Age which shows old aged people accessing education and learning for fun.
The University of the Third age - Old age
Enjoyment- based on the principles of learning for enjoyment and self development rather than an end qualification.
Johnson - Old age
Ageism- is institutionalised and embedded in society, based on stereotypes.
Voas - Old age
Religion- old people more likely to identify with religion: generational effect- brought up in more religious era, ageing effect- more spiritual closer to death.
Hockey and James - Old age
Infantilised- as they are seen as dependent and need care, possible to resist status by acting younger.
Featherstone and Hepworth - Age (changing)
Says that the life course has begun to be deconstructed due to: De-differentiation- differences between life stages has become less clear, (Eg, Botox, makeup, anti-ageing cream) and deinstitutionalisation- institutions of society become less associated with life stages. (Eg, going to uni at any age, abolishes retirement age).
Blaikie - Age (changing)
Says that the retired are now an important consumer group who are targeted with a range of products and services, the grey £ is valued. Talks of ‘the end of old age’ (Eg, anti aging cream, cruises, life insurance, dye for grey hair).
Pilcher - Age (changing)
Argues industrialisation demanded particular stages for the labour market, however the different phases of the life course are becoming more blurred.
Clarke and Warren - Age (changing)
Says that old age is a time to make friends and engage in new interests, active ageing is the process of optimising opportunities for health, participation and security, in order to whence quality of life as people age. Supported with University of the Third Age which shows old aged people accessing education and learning for fun.
Example - The University of Third age - active ageing - learning for enjoyment.
Example - Age of Champions - documentary illustrating active ageing - old people competing in sport in America (actively participate / work in teams etc - time to make new friendships)
