GEN PSYCH CHAPTER 2 VOCABULARY

Question 1

NEURONS ARE

Answer 1

CELLS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT TRANSMIT INFORMATION

Question 2

GLIA CELLS ARE

Answer 2

BRAIN CELLS THAT PROVIDE IMPORTANT SUPPORT FUNCTIONS FOR NEURONS AND ARE INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF MYELIN

Question 3

MYELIN DEFINITION

Answer 3

A FATTY, WAXY SUBSTANCE THAT INSULATES PORTIONS OF SOME NEURONS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 4

DENDRITE DEFINITION

Answer 4

BRANCHLIKE STRUCTURE ON THE HEAD OF A NEURON THAT RECEIVES INCOMING SIGNALS FROM OTHER NEURONS

Question 5

WHAT IS AN AXON?

Answer 5

A LONG, TAIL-LIKE STRUCTURE GROWING OUT OF THE CELL BODY OF A NEURON THAT CARRIES ACTION POTENTIALS THAT CONVEY INFORMATION FROM THE CELL BODY TO THE SYNAPSE

Question 6

WHAT IS THE CELL BODY (SOMA)?

Answer 6

THE PART OF THE NEURON THAT CONTAINS THE NUCLEUS AND THE DNA

Question 7

WHAT IS DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEICACID)?

Answer 7

THE CHEMICAL FOUND IN THE NUCLEI OF CELLS THAT CONTAINS THE GENETIC BLUEPRINT THAT GUIDES DEVELOPMENT IN THE ORGANISM

Question 8

WHAT IS A SYNAPSE?

Answer 8

THE CONNECTION FORMED BETWEEN TWO NEURONS WHEN THE AXON BULB OF ONE NEURON COMES INTO CLOSE PROXIMITY WITH THE DENDRITE OF ANOTHER NEURON

Question 9

WHAT IS ACTION POTENTIAL?

Answer 9

A NEURAL IMPULSE FIRED BY A NEURON ONCE IT REACHES -55mv

Question 10

WHAT IS RESTING POTENTIAL?

Answer 10

THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE THAT EXISTS IN THE NEURON WHEN IT’S RESTING (about -70 mv in mammals)

Question 11

WHAT IS ALL OR NONE FASHION?

Answer 11

1) WHEN ALL ACTION POTENTIALS ARE EQUAL IN STRENGTH

2) WHEN A NEURON BEGINS TO FIRE AN ACTION POTENTIAL, IT FIRES ALL THE WAY DOWN THE AXON

Question 12

WHAT IS THE REFRACTORY PERIOD?

Answer 12

A BRIEF PERIOD OF TIME AFTER A NEURON HAS FIRED AN ACTION POTENTIAL DURING WHICH THE NEURON IS INHIBITED AND UNLIKELY TO FIRE ANOTHER ACTION POTENTIAL

Question 13

WHAT ARE NEUROTRANSMITTERS?

Answer 13

CHEMICAL MESSENGERS THAT CARRY NEURAL SIGNALS ACROSS THE SYNAPSE

Question 14

WHAT IS ACETYLCHOLINE?

Answer 14

A NEUROTRANSMITTER RELATED TO MUSCLE MOVEMENT, CONSCIOUSNESS, LEARNING, AND MEMORY

Question 15

DEFINE “GABA.”

Answer 15

GAMMA AMINO BYUTRIC ACID IS THE BODY’S CHIEF INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN REGULATING AROUSAL AND PAIN

Question 16

GLUTAMATE

Answer 16

THE CHIEF EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE BRAIN THAT’S FOUND IN OVER 50% OF THE BRAIN’S SYNAPSES

Question 17

DOPAMINE IS ________

Answer 17

A NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN REWARD, MOVEMENT, LEARNING AND ATTENTION

Question 18

NOREPINEPHRINE

Answer 18

A NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN REGULATING SLEEP, AROUSAL, AND MOOD

Question 19

SEROTONIN

Answer 19

A NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN MANY DIFFERENT BEHAVIORS, INCLUDING SLEEP, PAIN PERCEPTION, MOOD, EATING, AND AROUSAL

Question 20

WHAT ARE ENDORPHINS?

Answer 20

NEUROMODULATORS THAT ACT AS NATURAL PAINKILLERS

Question 21

DEFINE SENSORY NEURONS

Answer 21

NEURONS THAT TRANSMIT INFORMATION FROM THE SENSE ORGANS TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 22

DEFINE MOTOR NEURONS

Answer 22

NEURONS THAT TRANSMIT COMMANDS FROM THE BRAIN TO THE MUSCLES OF THE BODY

Question 23

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

Answer 23

THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

Question 24

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

Answer 24

ALL OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM EXCEPT THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD

Question 25

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

Answer 25

A PART OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT PREPARES THE BODY FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Question 26

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

Answer 26

A PART OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE “REST AND DIGEST” RESPONSE

Question 27

MEDULLA

Answer 27

A PART OF THE HINDBRAIN THAT CONTROLS RESPIRATION, HEART RATE, AND BLOOD PRESSURE

Question 28

PONS

Answer 28

A HINDBRAIN STRUCTURE THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN RESPIRATION, CONSCIOUSNESS, SLEEP, DREAMING, FACIAL MOVEMENT, SENSORY PROCESSES, & THE TRANSMISSION OF NEURAL SIGNALS FROM ONE PART OF THE BRAIN TO THE OTHER

Question 29

RETICULAR FORMATION

Answer 29

A PART OF THE MIDBRAIN THAT REGULATES AROUSAL AND PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ATTENTION, SLEEP, AND CONSCIOUSNESS

Question 30

CEREBELLUM

Answer 30

A HINDBRAIN STRUCTURE THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN BALANCE, MUSCLE TONE, AND COORDINATION OF MOTOR MOVEMENTS

Question 31

LIMBIC SYSTEM

Answer 31

A SYSTEM OF STRUCTURES, INCLUDING THE AMYGDALA AND HIPPOCAMPUS, THAT GOVERN CERTAIN ASPECTS OF EMOTION, MOTIVATION, AND MEMORY

Question 32

HIPPOCAMPUS

Answer 32

A PART OF THE BRAIN THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN THE TRANSFER OF INFORMATION FROM SHORT TO LONG TERM MEMORY

Question 33

AMYGDALA

Answer 33

A PART OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN FEAR AND AGGRESSION

Question 34

HYPOTHALAMUS

Answer 34

PART OF THE FOREBRAIN THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS IN THE BODY.

IS ALSO THE POINT WHERE THE NERVOUS SYSTEM INTERSECTS WITH THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 35

CEREBRUM

Question 36

CEREBRAL CORTEX

Question 37

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

Question 38

CORPUS CALLOSUM

Question 39

NEUROPLASTICITY

Question 40

FRONTAL LOBE

Question 41

PARIETAL LOBE

Answer 41

THE CORTICAL AREA ON THE TOP SIDES OF THE BRAIN THAT PLAY A ROLE IN TOUCH AND OTHER COGNITIVE PROCESSES

Question 42

TEMPORAL LOBE

Answer 42

THE CORTICAL AREA DIRECTLY BELOW THE EARS THAT PLAY A ROLE IN AUDITORY PROCESSING AND LANGUAGE

Question 43

OCCIPITAL LOBE

Answer 43

THE CORTICAL AREA AT THE BACK OF THE BRAIN THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN VISUAL PROCESSING

Question 44

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 45

HORMONE

Question 46

PITUITARY GLAND