BIOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE

Question 1

Know the differences between EUKARYOTIC and PROKARYOTIC cells.

Answer 1

EUKARYOTIC CELLS:
1) larger, more complex
2) have membrane-bound organelles 3) the cytoplasm occupies the area between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
4) has over one or more linear chromosomes in the nucleus
5) the plant cells are surrounded by cell walls, while the animal cells are surrounded by extracurricular matrix
6) first evolved 1.8 billion years ago

PROKARYOTIC CELLS
1) smaller, simpler
2) have no membrane-bound organelles
3) MOST are surrounded by cell walls, some have capsules, pili, and flagella
4) the cytoplasm covers the whole interior of the cell
5) singular circular chromosome in the nucleoid region
6) first evolved 3.5 billion years ago

Question 2

What are the functions of the plasma membrane?

Answer 2

The plasma membrane SEPARATES the LIVING CELL from its NONLIVING surroundings.

Question 3

What MOLECULE is the major component of the plasma membrane?

Answer 3

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

Question 4

What are the STRUCTURES/CHARACTERISTICS common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

1) The plasma membranes have an identical structure
2) They both have ribosomes, operating slightly different

Question 5

What are ORGANELLES?

Answer 5

A structure that has one or more specific jobs to focus on the jab.

Question 6

The number of CHROMOSOMES found in most human cells is

Answer 6

46

Question 7

What is the ultimate source of information that codes for a protein?

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

What STRUCTURE manufactures the components for the ribosome?

Answer 8

the NUCLEOLUS

Question 9

What MOLECULE provides the ribosome with the needed information to produce a protein?

Answer 9

MESSENGER RNA

Question 10

Where within the cell does PROTEIN SYNTHESIS take place?

Answer 10

The RIBOSOMES located in the cytoplasm

Question 11

STRUCTURES that AREN’T FOUND in ANIMAL CELLS that PLANT CELLS have:

Answer 11

CELL WALLS, CHLOROPLASTS, and a LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE

Question 12

A BY-PRODUCT of PHOTOSYNTHESIS is:

Answer 12

OXYGEN GAS

Question 13

THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION ARE:

Answer 13

CARBON DIOXIDE & WATER

Question 14

THE PRODUCT OF GLYCOLYSIS IS

Answer 14

2 MOLECULES OF PYRUVATE, 2 MOLECULES OF ATP, and 2 MOLECULES OF NADH

Question 15

WHAT IS THE GENERAL CHEMICAL EQUATION FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

Answer 15

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 16

Define AEROBIC process

Answer 16

ANY BIOLOGICAL PROCESS THAT REQUIRES OXYGEN.

THE PROCESS IN WHICH GLUCOSE MOLECULES ARE BEING BROKEN DOWN INTO ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

Question 17

Define ANAEROBIC process

Answer 17

BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT DON’T REQUIRE OXYGEN

Question 18

ATP SYNTHASE

Answer 18

Adenosine TRIPHOSPHATE synthase is an enzyme that generates ATP

Question 19

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Answer 19

The DOUBLE MEMBRANE STRUCTURE that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Question 20

A NUCLEOID is

Answer 20

the region in a prokaryotic cell that acts as the cell’s nucleus but without a surrounding membrane