Gen - Graphs to Draw Flashcards

1
Q

Lung volumes

A

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2
Q

West zones

A

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3
Q

Oxygen cascade

A

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4
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Myoglobin dissociation curve = hyperbolic

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5
Q

Iso-shunt graph

A

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6
Q

Fowler method for dead space

A

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7
Q

Valsalva manouvre

A

Autonomic dysfunction| CCF

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8
Q

Action potentials: cardiac myocyte, pacemaker cell, nerve cell

A

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9
Q

Compliance curves

A

Normal Liquid ventilationARDSInspiration is the inferior limb, expiration the superior.

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10
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

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11
Q

Starling’s law

A

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12
Q

Starling forces

A

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13
Q

Total body water distribution

A

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14
Q

Cerebral blood flow (MAP, gases and Monro-Kellie hypothesis)

A

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15
Q

Capnograph traces

A
Lower airway obstructionVentilator dyssynchrony/relaxant wearing offCardiac oscillations Oesophageal intubationLoss of cardiac output ROSCDisconnection Rebreathing HyperventilationHypoventilation Leak
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16
Q

TEG

A

DIC stage 1 DIC stage 2 / anticoagulants / haemophiliaAntiplatelets / thrombocytopaenia Fibrinolysis / tPA

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17
Q

Coronary circulation

A

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18
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A

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19
Q

Bioavailability graph

A

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20
Q

First and zero order kinetics

A

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21
Q

V/Q

A

Changes under GA and with position

22
Q

Ventilatory response to PaCO2 and PaO2

23
Q

PVR

24
Q

CVP waveform

A
a = atrial contractionc = closure of tricuspid valve, ventricular contraction x = atrial relaxation v = atrial filling y = opening of tricuspid valve, ventricular filling
Systole is between start of c wave and end of v wave. AF: loss of a wavesTR: loss of x descent, giant v waves CHB: cannon a waves CVP reflects the pressure in the great veins of the thorax, and hence the RA. It approximates RV preload. Highest at end expiration in SV and end inspiration in IPPV.
25
Q

Arterial waveform

A

Upstroke: contractility (slurred upstroke in AS) Dicrotic notch: AV closure; low in low preload AUC up to dicrotic notch): SV Downstroke: SVR Swing: >10mmHg suggests underfilled Pulse pressure: wide in AR, narrow in AS/tamponade/cardiogenic shock/massive PE/tension PTX)

26
Q

ICP waveform

A

PercussionTidal Dichrotic

27
Q

Damping and resonance

28
Q

Wheatstone bridge

29
Q

Pulmonary artery catheter

A

RA - inflate balloon once waveform seen RVPAPCWP 6-12mmHg (measured at end expiration) at 45-55cm Investigation of shock aetiology, cardiac shunts, CO measurement, PHTN, route for cardiac pacing. Info: SvO2, CO, core temp, PCWP = LVEDP estimate, RA/RV/PAP, CVP, SVR (derived).Normal SvO2 70-75%; lower in low CO, increased O2 consumption, reduced O2 content.

30
Q

Context sensitive half time

31
Q

Defibrillator circuit

32
Q

Ventilator mode graphs

33
Q

Cardiac axis

34
Q

Flow volume loops

A

Restrictive Obstructive Fixed extrathoracic obstruction NB flow volume loops are better than spirometry as effort/technique independent.

35
Q

Oesophageal Doppler trace

A

Flow time corrected = preload (normal = 330-360ms) Peak velocity = contractility AUC = stroke distance (can calculate SV)

36
Q

Starvation

37
Q

Calibration/drift/hysteresis

38
Q

Autonomic nervous system

39
Q

Calcium homeostasis

40
Q

Thyroid hormone synthesis

41
Q

COX pathway

42
Q

RAAS

A

Angiotensin II has 5 actions: vasoconstriction, thirst, and release of ADH, ACTH and aldosterone

43
Q

Catecholamine synthesis pathway

44
Q

Spirogram (volume/time graph)

A

Normal, obstructive and restrictive

45
Q

Antibiotic classes

A
Inhibit cell wall synthesis - beta lactams - glycopeptides Protein - 30s: aminoglycosides - 50s: macrolides DNA - Fluroquinolones
Clavulinic acid and tazobactam = beta lactamase inhibitors
46
Q

Control of respiration

47
Q

Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism

48
Q

Vomiting inputs, receptors and drugs

49
Q

Vaughan Williams classification

50
Q

Fetal circulation

51
Q

Intra-aortic balloon pump arterial trace

A

Early deflation Late deflation Early inflation Late inflation https://lifeinthefastlane.com/cardiovascular-curveball-007/Up mid T to peak RUp dichrotic notch to just before upstroke