Gen - Graphs to Draw Flashcards
Lung volumes
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West zones
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Oxygen cascade
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Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve
Myoglobin dissociation curve = hyperbolic
Iso-shunt graph
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Fowler method for dead space
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Valsalva manouvre
Autonomic dysfunction| CCF
Action potentials: cardiac myocyte, pacemaker cell, nerve cell
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Compliance curves
Normal Liquid ventilationARDSInspiration is the inferior limb, expiration the superior.
Cardiac cycle
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Starling’s law
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Starling forces
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Total body water distribution
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Cerebral blood flow (MAP, gases and Monro-Kellie hypothesis)
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Capnograph traces
Lower airway obstructionVentilator dyssynchrony/relaxant wearing offCardiac oscillations Oesophageal intubationLoss of cardiac output ROSCDisconnection Rebreathing HyperventilationHypoventilation Leak
TEG
DIC stage 1 DIC stage 2 / anticoagulants / haemophiliaAntiplatelets / thrombocytopaenia Fibrinolysis / tPA
Coronary circulation
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Cardiac conduction system
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Bioavailability graph
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First and zero order kinetics
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V/Q
Changes under GA and with position
Ventilatory response to PaCO2 and PaO2
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PVR
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CVP waveform
a = atrial contractionc = closure of tricuspid valve, ventricular contraction x = atrial relaxation v = atrial filling y = opening of tricuspid valve, ventricular fillingSystole is between start of c wave and end of v wave. AF: loss of a wavesTR: loss of x descent, giant v waves CHB: cannon a waves CVP reflects the pressure in the great veins of the thorax, and hence the RA. It approximates RV preload. Highest at end expiration in SV and end inspiration in IPPV.
Arterial waveform
Upstroke: contractility (slurred upstroke in AS) Dicrotic notch: AV closure; low in low preload AUC up to dicrotic notch): SV Downstroke: SVR Swing: >10mmHg suggests underfilled Pulse pressure: wide in AR, narrow in AS/tamponade/cardiogenic shock/massive PE/tension PTX)
ICP waveform
PercussionTidal Dichrotic
Damping and resonance
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Wheatstone bridge
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Pulmonary artery catheter
RA - inflate balloon once waveform seen RVPAPCWP 6-12mmHg (measured at end expiration) at 45-55cm Investigation of shock aetiology, cardiac shunts, CO measurement, PHTN, route for cardiac pacing. Info: SvO2, CO, core temp, PCWP = LVEDP estimate, RA/RV/PAP, CVP, SVR (derived).Normal SvO2 70-75%; lower in low CO, increased O2 consumption, reduced O2 content.
Context sensitive half time
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Defibrillator circuit
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Ventilator mode graphs
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Cardiac axis
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Flow volume loops
Restrictive Obstructive Fixed extrathoracic obstruction NB flow volume loops are better than spirometry as effort/technique independent.
Oesophageal Doppler trace
Flow time corrected = preload (normal = 330-360ms) Peak velocity = contractility AUC = stroke distance (can calculate SV)
Starvation
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Calibration/drift/hysteresis
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Autonomic nervous system
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Calcium homeostasis
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Thyroid hormone synthesis
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COX pathway
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RAAS
Angiotensin II has 5 actions: vasoconstriction, thirst, and release of ADH, ACTH and aldosterone
Catecholamine synthesis pathway
PLL DNA
Spirogram (volume/time graph)
Normal, obstructive and restrictive
Antibiotic classes
Inhibit cell wall synthesis - beta lactams - glycopeptides Protein - 30s: aminoglycosides - 50s: macrolides DNA - FluroquinolonesClavulinic acid and tazobactam = beta lactamase inhibitors
Control of respiration
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Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
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Vomiting inputs, receptors and drugs
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Vaughan Williams classification
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Fetal circulation
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Intra-aortic balloon pump arterial trace
Early deflation Late deflation Early inflation Late inflation https://lifeinthefastlane.com/cardiovascular-curveball-007/Up mid T to peak RUp dichrotic notch to just before upstroke