Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Test Cards > GEI Exam 3 > Flashcards

GEI Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

most essential molecule for all living things

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How humans are constantly losing water

A

perspiration and exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

amount of water needed to produce 1 tomato

A

3 gallons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

amount of water needed to produce 1 loaf of bread

A

150 gallons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

amount of water needed to produce 1 pound of beef

A

1,600 gallons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

amount of water needed to produce 1 ton of steel

A

63,000 gallons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

70% of global water usage

A

irrigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

21% of global water usage

A

public supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

11% of global water usage

A

industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rank of top 3 water usages

A
  1. irrigation
  2. public supply
  3. industry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much water does Earth have (cubic km)

A

~1.4 billion cubic km of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ocean water makes up what percentage of water on Earth

A

97%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

largest reservoirs of fresh water (but unavailable)

A

glaciers, ice bergs, and sea ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

largest available reservoir of fresh water

A

groundwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

most commonly used water resources (but less than 0.01% of world’s water)

A

rivers and lakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

contains 95% of Earth’s water

A

oceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

average depth of the oceans

A

3.6 km (2.2 miles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

maximum ocean depth (in Mariana Trench in Pacific)

A

11 km (7 miles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

names of the 5 oceans

A

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Increases in fall and water

partially melts in the spring and summer

overall decrease in last few decades

A

trend of ice mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

White color of ice gives it an albedo (reflectivity) of 0.9 (0-1), which makes it…

A

good at reflecting sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Arctic animals include…

A

polar bears, foxes, puffins, reindeer, seals, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Antarctic animals include…

A

penguins, seals, whales, small invertebrates, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Arctic and Antarctic animals rely on ice for…

A

foraging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Effects of melting polar ice

A

rising sea levels

coastal flooding

alteration of ocean circulation patterns, more severe weather events

26
Q

types of ice

A
  1. glaciers
  2. ice bergs
  3. sea ice
27
Q

forms at the poles and on mountaintops

snowfall compression into ice

largest source of fresh water

provides river water and groundwater to lower elevation

A

glaciers

28
Q

type of glacier

typically >20,000 sq miles in size

2 major sheets in Greenland and Antarctica

reduction allows permafrost to melt faster, releasing greenhouse gases

A

ice sheet

29
Q

type of glacier

channels of moving ice sheets

travel down slopes into sea

A

ice streams

30
Q

type of glacier

edge of an ice sheet extending off land

A

ice shelves

31
Q

floating pieces of ice that broke off of ice sheets

nutrients into ocean, helping aquatic life

A

ice bergs

32
Q

free-floating ice in polar regions

excludes salt, allowing it to float

A

sea ice

33
Q

water located underground in saturated zone of soil and fractured rock

recharged by precipitation and seepage

A

groundwater

34
Q

upper surface of the saturated zone

A

water table

35
Q

how much of U.S. population relies on groundwater for drinking

A

~50%

36
Q

large area of groundwater, often tapped with wells for irrigation

A

aquifer

37
Q

Reserve of groundwater located in most of NE, extending south to northern TX

A

Ogallala (High Plains) Aquifer

38
Q

swamps, marshes, bogs

saturated with water most of the year

water-demanding or -tolerating plants

carbon sequestration

A

wetlands

39
Q

important for irrigation, drinking water, biodiversity, and recreation

> 200,000 in U.S.

A

rivers

40
Q

joins together to form larger rivers

A

tributaries

41
Q

land area drained by a river and all its tributaries

A

watershed

42
Q

land adjacent to a river that floods frequently

A

floodplain

43
Q

determined settlement patterns all over the world

A

rivers

44
Q

created by impounding or damming a river

~1/2 of lakes in U.S.

A

reservoirs

45
Q

reduce local flooding, freshwater source in droughts, greater biodiversity, and recreation

A

benefits of reservoirs

46
Q

alters biodiversity, interferes with fish migration, displaces people and wildlife

A

negative impacts of reservoirs

47
Q

why most precipitation falls around equator

A

warmer air rises and cools, can’t hold water vapor

48
Q

actual shortage of water

A

physical water scarcity

49
Q

countries lack money or infrastructure to supply safe, reliable water

A

economic water scarcity

50
Q

how many people lack access to clean drinking water and sanitation tech

A

over a billion people

51
Q

water supply solutions

A
  1. aqueducts
  2. reservoirs
  3. desalination
  4. fog nets
52
Q

irrigation water conservation

A

native crops
drought-resistant GMO crops
drip irrigation
no-till farming
recharging aquifers with treated waste water

53
Q

home conservation

A

water restrictions
native vegetation
low-flow showers and toilets
fix leaky facets
rain barrels for gardens

54
Q

contamination of water by a chemical, physical, or biological substance

A

water pollution

55
Q

small, identifiable places where pollution releases

e.g. livestock manure, industrial factories

A

point sources

56
Q

when precipitation or irrigation runs off fields or neighborhoods

carries pollutants over wide area

e.g. fertilizer runoff or urban stormwater

A

nonpoint sources

57
Q

oil tanker ran aground in Alaska in 1989

A

Exxon Valdez oil spill

58
Q

offshore oil drilling platform in Gulf of Mexico spilled oil for 3 months, natural gas explosion

A

Deepwater Horizon

59
Q

Sources of water pollution

A
  1. Agriculture
  2. oil spills
  3. industrial waste
  4. physical pollution
  5. thermal pollution
  6. pathogens
60
Q

cause many diseases such as rotavirus, cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentary

comes from sewage

A

pathogens

61
Q

from power plant cooling systems

A

thermal pollution

62
Q

steps to water treatment

A
  1. screens and skimmers remove rubbish, large objects, fats, and grease
  2. organic solids settle at bottom of tanks are treated by aerobic bacteria, then taken to landfill/incinerator
  3. water through gravel/stone filter with bacteria for remaining organic matter
  4. disinfection with chlorine, ozone, or UV light
  5. discharge water into local river, groundwater recharge, or irrigation

Test Cards (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions